uk: Комп'ютерні науки

description: Orwell's concept of 1984 has more to do with government misuse of technology than technology itself. New technology allows for more opportunity, but unchecked, it allows for complete government control. Representative Daniel Zolnikov is the nation's leading politician regarding privacy and surveillance and has enacted numerous laws safeguarding fourth amendment rights regarding digital communications and technology. Daniel will walk you down the road of how political misuse of technology can and will turn the Federal Government into an unprecedented nanny state that will lead to a suppressed free flow of information and fear of stepping out of line. His story includes insights on how unique left and right coalitions were formed to pass these laws in his home state of Montana, and how he prevailed against law enforcement groups who opposed implementing warrant requirements. This discussion is aimed at sharing insights no matter your political affiliation. All of Daniel's legislation has passed with overwhelming bi-partisan support through both bodies in Montana's legislature and was signed by the governor of the opposite party. Although most speeches involving politicians tend to lead towards rhetoric, Daniel's goal is to share enough information to be able to understand why change has not taken place yet, and leave you understanding how to remedy that. His story will give you insights into the politics that states and the nation face when reforming these issues, and his down to earth approach will bring the topic down to a level of humor and easy understanding. There is no need for any technical or political insight to be able to appreciate this topic and the work Daniel has done on behalf of the more technologically savvy enthusiasts. The theme of DEF CON 26 would be inconsistent without taking into consideration policy and how it ties in closely with technology. Technology relies on policy, and policy has the implications of dictating the use of technology. The two can go hand in hand, or end up squaring up against each other. You are an important, and lesser heard voice in the world of aged politicians with limited vision. The Orwellian state existed due to a mixture of bad policies and technology. Although the theme focuses on technology used to disrupt the surveillance state, the other half of the battle is ensuring this state does not reach the disastrous conclusions of 1984. Daniel believes we can move forward with technology without living in fear of our government. If you want to have some hope and direction towards the future of policy regarding surveillance and technology, Daniel will leave you with the optimism that there is still a chance that our nation can have a balanced approach that ensures 1984 does not become the norm in the future and will help you understand how to take part in this action.

uk: вхід без авторизації

name: Politics and The Surveillance State.: The Story of a Young Politician's Efforts to Fight Surveillance and Pass the Nation's Strongest Privacy Bills.


David Melendez Cano

type: Person

cs: Informatika

de: Informatik

fi: tietojenkäsittelytiede

uk: Комп'ютерні науки

en: Computer Science

fr: Informatique

da: Datalogi

es: Ciencias de la Computación

nl: Informatica

cs: Technické vědy

de: Ingenieurwissenschaften

fi: tekniikka

uk: Інженерія

en: Engineering Sciences

fr: Ingénierie

da: Ingeniørvidenskab

es: Ingeniería

nl: Engineering

description: Antidrone system industries have arised. Due to several, and even classic, vulnerabilities in communication systems now used by drones , anti-drone systems are able to take down those drone by means of well documented attacks. Drone/antidrone competition has already been set into the scene. This talk provides a new vision about drone protection against anti-drone systems, presenting "The Interceptor Project", a hand-sized nano drone based on single-core tiniest Linux Board: Vocore2. This Linux board manages a WiFi (side/hidden) bidirectional channel communication that cannot be deauthenticated and it is replay-resistant, keeping all 802.11 hacking capabilities and standard utilities as any other WiFi hacker drone, with only the built-in adapter of the tiny Vocore2. Also, a "just in case", fallback control by SDR is implemented taking advantage of all the goods that SDR radio gives. All embedded into a hand-sized aircraft to make detection and mitigation a real and new pain, with a very low budget: About $70.

TIB AV-Portal

type: Service

type: WebContent

type: MediaObject

@language: en

cs: přihlášení není vyžadováno

de: keine Anmeldung erforderlich

uk: вхід без авторизації

en: no login required

nl: geen login vereist

name: Project "The Interceptor": Owning anti-drone systems with nanodrones

DEF CON

type: Organization

cs: Video

de: Video

fi: Video

uk: Відео

en: Video

fr: Vidéo

da: Video

nl: Video

es: Video


Your Voice is My Passport

uk: Комп'ютерні науки

description: Financial institutions, home automation products, and offices near universal cryptographic decoders have increasingly used voice fingerprinting as a method for authentication. Recent advances in machine learning and text-to-speech have shown that synthetic, high-quality audio of subjects can be generated using transcripted speech from the target. Are current techniques for audio generation enough to spoof voice authentication algorithms? We demonstrate, using freely available machine learning models and limited budget, that standard speaker recognition and voice authentication systems are indeed fooled by targeted text-to-speech attacks. We further show a method which reduces data required to perform such an attack, demonstrating that more people are at risk for voice impersonation than previously thought.

uk: вхід без авторизації


uk: Комп'ютерні науки

description: It seems each day that passes brings new technology and an increasing dependence upon it. The medical field is no exception; medical professionals rely upon technology to provide them with accurate information and base life-changing decisions on this data. In recent years there has been more attention paid to the security of medical devices; however, there has been little research done on the unique protocols used by these devices. In large, health care systems medical personnel take advantage of to make decisions on patient treatment and other critical care, use central monitoring stations. This information is gathered from many devices on the network using uncommon networking protocols. What if this information wasn't accurate when a doctor prescribed medication? What if a patient was thought to be peacefully resting, when in fact they are under cardiac arrest? McAfee's Advanced Threat Research team has discovered a weakness in the RWHAT protocol, one of the networking protocols used by medical devices to monitor a patient's condition. This protocol is utilized in some of the most critical systems used in hospitals. This weakness allows the data to be modified by an attacker in real-time to provide false information to medical personnel. Lack of authentication also allows rogue devices to be placed onto the network and mimic patient monitors. This presentation will include a technical dissection of the security issues inherent in this relatively unknown protocol. It will describe real-world attack scenarios and demonstrate the ability to modify the communications in-transit to directly influence the receiving devices. We will also explore the general lack of security mitigations in the medical devices field, the risks they pose, and techniques to address them. The talk will conclude with a demonstration using actual medical device hardware and a live modification of a patient's critical data.

uk: вхід без авторизації

name: 80 to 0 in Under 5 Seconds: Falsifying a Mediacal Patient's Vitals


uk: Комп'ютерні науки

description: Cellular networks are connected with each other through a worldwide private, but not unaccessible network, called IPX network. Through this network user related information is exchanged for roaming purposes or for cross-network communication. This private network has been breached by criminals and nation states. Cellular networks are extremely complex and many attacks have been already been found e.g. DoS, location tracking, SMS interception, data interception. Many attacks have been seen in practice, but not all attack are understood and not all attack avenues using the IPX network have been explored. This presentation shows how a S9 interface in 4G networks, which is used for charging related user information exchange between operators can be exploited to perform fraud attacks. A demonstration with technical details will be given and guidance on practical countermeasures.

uk: вхід без авторизації

name: 4G - Who is paying your cellular phone bill?


uk: Комп'ютерні науки

description: Software is increasingly used to make huge decisions about people's lives and often these decisions are made with little transparency or accountability to individuals. If there is any place where transparency, third-party review, adversarial testing and true accountability is essential, it is the criminal justice system. Nevertheless, proprietary software is used throughout the system, and the trade secrets of software vendors are regularly deemed more important than the rights of the accused to understand and challenge decisions made by these complex systems. In this talk, we will lay out the map of software in this space from DNA testing to facial recognition to estimating the likelihood that someone will commit a future crime. We will detail the substantial hurdles that prevent oversight and stunning examples of real problems found when hard won third-party review is finally achieved. Finally, we will outline what you as a concerned citizen/hacker can do. Nathan Adams will demo his findings from reviewing NYC's FST source code, which was finally made public by a federal judge after years of the city's lab fighting disclosure or even review. Jerome Greco will provide his insight into the wider world of software used in the criminal justice system—from technology that law enforcement admits to using but expects the public to trust without question to technology that law enforcement denies when the evidence says otherwise. Jeanna Matthews will talk about the wider space of algorithmic accountability and transparency and why even open source software is not enough.

uk: вхід без авторизації

name: You're Just Complaining Because You're Guilty: A DEF CON Guide to Adversarial Testing of Software Used in the Criminal Justice Systems


uk: Комп'ютерні науки

description: Google Play Store provides thousands of applications for monitoring your children/family members. Since these apps deal with highly sensitive information, they immediately raise questions on privacy and security. Who else can track the users? Is this data properly protected? To answer these questions, we analyzed a selection of the most popular tracking apps from the Google Play Store. Many apps and services suffer from grave security issues. Some apps use self-made algorithms instead of proper cryptography for data storage and transmission. Others do not even attempt to protect their communication at all and make use of the unprotected http protocol, or even give an attacker full access to a vulnerable backend system. Hard coded database credentials in apps allowed access to all stored user locations. We would be able to extract hundreds of thousands of tracking profiles, even in real time. In others, this wasn't even necessary, because the user authentication could be bypassed altogether. Flaws in server API allowed us to extract all user credentials (1.7m plain text passwords), further we saw full communication histories containing messages, pictures and location data. In total, the state of tracker apps is worrisome, effectively leading to users unknowingly installing espionage software on their devices.

uk: вхід без авторизації

name: All your family secrets belong to us - Worrisome Security Issues in Tracker Apps


LØpht - Heavy Industries

uk: Комп'ютерні науки

description: 2018 is the 20th anniversary of the hacker think-tank L0pht Heavy Industries testimony before the US Senate Homeland Security & Governmental Affairs Committee on the topic of weak computer security in government. The testimony made national news when the group announced they could take down the Internet in 30 minutes. It was also the first-time hackers using handles appeared before a US Legislative body. Members of the L0pht have grown from their hacker roots to become distinguished leaders and contributors in the security community and beyond. They run multi-million dollar security-focused organizations, have lobbied the government for better security laws, work for some of the largest companies in the world, and continue to spread the message of the positive aspects of hacking. With several of the L0pht's original members, this discussion will cover the original testimony and the changes that have happened over the last 20 years. Is the government any more secure? Have they provided enough influence to help protect its citizens' data? What steps should we take to ensure user security and privacy in the future? We are hoping for audience participation and also welcome questions about any other time in the L0pht's relatively short, but poignant, existence.

uk: вхід без авторизації


In Soviet Russia Smartcard Hacks You

uk: Комп'ютерні науки

description: The classic spy movie hacking sequence: The spy inserts a magic smartcard provided by the agency technicians into the enemy's computer, ...the screen unlocks... What we all laughed about is possible! Smartcards are secure and trustworthy. This is the idea smartcard driver developers have in mind when developing drivers and smartcard software. The work presented in this talk not only challenges, but crushes this assumption by attacking smartcard drivers using malicious smartcards. A fuzzing framework for *nix and Windows is presented along with some interesting bugs found by auditing and fuzzing smartcard drivers and middleware. Among them classic stack and heap buffer overflows, double frees, but also a replay attack against smartcard authentication. Since smartcards are used in the authentication process, a lot of vulnerabilities can be triggered by an unauthenticated user, in code running with high privileges. During the authors research, bugs were discovered in OpenSC (EPass, PIV, OpenPGP, CAC, Cryptoflex,...), YubiKey drivers, pam_p11, pam_pkc11, Apple smartcardservices...

uk: вхід без авторизації


uk: Комп'ютерні науки

description: Unless you've been living under a rock for the past 30 years or so, you probably know what a fax machine is. For decades, fax machines were used worldwide as the main way of electronic document delivery. But this happened in the 1980s. Humanity has since developed far more advanced ways to send digital content, and fax machines are all in the past, right? After all, they should now be nothing more than a glorified museum item. Who on earth is still using fax machines? The answer, to our great horror, is EVERYONE. State authorities, banks, service providers and many others are still using fax machines, despite their debatable quality and almost non-existent security. In fact, using fax machines is often mandatory and considered a solid and trustworthy method of delivering information. What the Fax?! We embarked on a journey with the singular goal of disrupting this insane state of affairs. We went to work, determined to show that the common fax machine could be compromised via mere access to its fully exposed and unprotected telephone line -- thus completely bypassing all perimeter security protections and shattering to pieces all modern-day security concepts. Join us as we take you through the strange world of embedded operating systems, 30-year-old protocols, museum grade compression algorithms, weird extensions and undebuggable environments. See for yourself first-hand as we give a live demonstration of the first ever full fax exploitation, leading to complete control over the entire device as well as the network, using nothing but a standard telephone line. This talk is intended to be the canary in the coal mine. The technology community cannot sit idly by while this ongoing madness is allowed to continue. The world must stop using FAX!

uk: вхід без авторизації

name: What the Fax?! Get Ready for a 1980's Hack Party!


Lost and Found Certificates

uk: Комп'ютерні науки

description: When purchasing a new domain name you would expect that you are the only one who can obtain a valid SSL certificate for it, however that is not always the case. When the domain had a prior owner(s), even several years prior, they may still possess a valid SSL certificate for it and there is very little you can do about it. Using Certificate Transparency, we examined millions of domains and certificates and found thousands of examples where the previous owner for a domain still possessed a valid SSL certificate for the domain long after it changed ownership. We will review the results from our ongoing large scale quantitative analysis over past and current domains and certificates. We'll explore the massive scale of the problem, what we can do about it, how you can protect yourself, and a proposed process change to make this less of a problem going forwards. We end by introducing BygoneSSL, a new tool and dashboard that shows an up to date view of affected domains and certificates using publicly available DNS data and Certificate Transparency logs. BygoneSSL will demonstrate how widespread the issue is, let domain owners determine if they could be affected, and can be used to track the number of affected domains over time.

uk: вхід без авторизації


uk: Комп'ютерні науки

description: Election Buster is an open source tool created in 2014 to identify malicious domains masquerading as candidate webpages and voter registration systems. During 2016, fake domains were used to compromise credentials of a Democratic National Committee (DNC) IT services company, and foreign adversaries probed voter registration systems. The tool now cross-checks domain information against open source threat intelligence feeds, and uses a semi-autonomous scheme for identifying phundraising and false flag sites via ensembled data mining and deep learning techniques. We identified Russian nationals registering fake campaign sites, candidates deploying defensive—and offensive—measures against their opponents, and candidates unintentionally exposing sensitive PII to the public. This talk provides an analysis of our 2016 Presidential Election data, and all data recently collected during the 2018 midterm elections. The talk also details technological and procedural measures that government offices and campaigns can use to defend themselves.

uk: вхід без авторизації

name: Defending the 2018 Midterm Elections from Foreign Adversaries


uk: Комп'ютерні науки

description: Many hackers like to contribute code, binaries, and exploits under pseudonyms, but how anonymous are these contributions really? In this talk, we will discuss our work on programmer de-anonymization from the standpoint of machine learning. We will show how abstract syntax trees contain stylistic fingerprints and how these can be used to potentially identify programmers from code and binaries. We perform programmer de-anonymization using both obfuscated binaries, and real-world code found in single-author GitHub repositories and the leaked Nulled.IO hacker forum.

uk: вхід без авторизації

name: De-anonymizing Programmers from Source Code and Binaries


uk: Комп'ютерні науки

description: Existing techniques for bypassing wired port security are limited to attacking 802.1x-2004, which does not provide encryption or the ability to perform authentication on a packet-by-packet basis [1][2][3][4]. The development of 802.1x-2010 mitigates these issues by using MacSEC to provide Layer 2 encryption and packet integrity check to the protocol [5]. Since MacSEC encrypts data on a hop-by-hop basis, it successfully protects against the bridge-based attacks pioneered by the likes of Steve Riley, Abb, and Alva Duckwall [5][6]. In addition to the development of 802.1x-2010, improved 802.1x support by peripheral devices such as printers also poses a challenge to attackers. Gone are the days in which bypassing 802.1x was as simple as finding a printer and spoofing address, as hardware manufacturers have gotten smarter. In this talk, we will introduce a novel technique for bypassing 802.1x-2010 by demonstrating how MacSEC fails when weak forms of EAP are used. Additionally, we will discuss how improved 802.1x support by peripheral devices does not necessarily translate to improved port-security due to the widespread use of weak EAP. Finally, we will consider how improvements to the Linux kernel have made bridge-based techniques easier to implement and demonstrate an alternative to using packet injection for network interaction. We have packaged each of these techniques and improvements into an open source tool called Silent Bridge, which we plan on releasing at the conference.

uk: вхід без авторизації

name: Owning the LAN in 2018: Defeating MacSEC and 802.1x-2010


uk: Комп'ютерні науки

description: These days it's hard to find a business that doesn't accept faster payments. Mobile Point of Sales (mPOS) terminals have propelled this growth lowering the barriers for small and micro-sized businesses to accept non-cash payments. Older payment technologies like mag-stripe still account for the largest majority of all in-person transactions. This is complicated further by the introduction of new payment standards such as NFC. As with each new iteration in payment technology, inevitably weaknesses are introduced into this increasingly complex payment eco-system. In this talk, we ask, what are the security and fraud implications of removing the economic barriers to accepting card payments; and what are the risks associated with continued reliance on old card standards like mag-stripe? In the past, testing for payment attack vectors has been limited to the scope of individual projects and to those that have permanent access to POS and payment infrastructure. Not anymore! In what we believe to be the most comprehensive research conducted in this area, we consider four of the major mPOS providers spread across the US and Europe; Square, SumUp, iZettle and Paypal. We provide live demonstrations of new vulnerabilities that allow you to MitM transactions, send arbitrary code via Bluetooth and mobile application, modify payment values for mag-stripe transactions, and a vulnerability in firmware; DoS to RCE. Using this sampled geographic approach, we are able to show the current attack surface of mPOS and, to predict how this will evolve over the coming years. For audience members that are interested in integrating testing practices into their organization or research practices, we will show you how to use mPOS to identify weaknesses in payment technologies, and how to remain undetected in spite of anti-fraud and security mechanisms.

uk: вхід без авторизації

name: For the Love of Money Finding and Exploiting Vulns in mPOS Systems


uk: Комп'ютерні науки

description: Most of us have knowledge of PCB construction. In the past reversing someone's design was an easy task due to the simplicity of the PCB design. Now with BGA's( Ball Grid Array's), manufacturers using several plane layers cover the entire PCB design and obscuring the details of the PCB from view. Thru the use of X-Ray, we are able to reverse engineer virtually anything. Slides will be presented show several PCB designs and how easy it was to reverse engineer the PCB. Also presenting videos of live views and dynamic zoom; this will demonstrate the true power of the X-Ray and its ability to see sub-micron features within the PCB structure and devices while manipulating the PCB.

uk: вхід без авторизації

name: Reverse Engineering and more using X-Ray


uk: Комп'ютерні науки

description: In recent years, Google has made many great efforts in exploit mitigation and attack surface reduction to strengthen the security of android system. It is becoming more and more difficult to remotely compromise Android phones especially Google’s Pixel phone. The Pixel phone is protected by many layers of security. It was the only device that was not pwned in the 2017 Mobile Pwn2Own competition. But our team discovered a remote exploit chain—the first of its kind since the Android Security Rewards (ASR) program expansion, which could compromise The Pixel phone remotely. The exploit chain was reported to Android security team directly. They took it seriously and patched it quickly. Because of the severity and our detailed report, we were awarded the highest reward ($112,500) in the history of the ASR program. In this talk we will detail how we used the exploit chain to inject arbitrary code into system_server process and get system user permissions. The exploit chain includes two bugs, CVE-2017-5116 and CVE-2017-14904. CVE-2017-5116 is a V8 engine bug related with Webassembly and SharedArrayBuffer. It is used to get remote code execution in sandboxed Chrome render process. CVE-2017-14904 is a bug in Android's libgralloc module that is used to escape from the sandbox. The way we used for sandbox escaping is very interesting, rarely talked about before. All details of vulnerabilities and mitigation bypassing techniques will be given in this talk.

uk: вхід без авторизації

name: Pwning "the toughest target": the exploit chain of winning the largest bug bounty in the history of ASR program


uk: Комп'ютерні науки

description: In the past two years, smart speakers have become the most popular IoT device, Amazon_ Google and Apple have introduced their own smart speaker products. Most of these smart speakers have natural language recognition, chat, music playback, IoT device control, shopping, and so on. Manufacturers use artificial intelligence technology to make smart speakers have similar human capabilities in the chat conversation. However, with the smart speakers coming into more and more homes, and the function is becoming more powerful, its security has been questioned by many people. People are worried that smart speakers will be hacked to leak their privacy, and our research proves that this concern is very necessary. In this talk, we will present how to use multiple vulnerabilities to achieve remote attack some of the most popular smart speakers. Our final attack effects include silent listening, control speaker speaking content and other demonstrations. And we're also going to talk about how to extract firmware from BGA packages Flash chips such as EMMC, EMCP, NAND Flash, etc. In addition, it contains how to turn on debug interfaces and get root privileges by modifying firmware content and Re-soldering Flash chips, which can be of great help for subsequent vulnerability analysis and debugging. Finally, we will play several demo videos to demonstrate how we can remotely access some Smart Speaker Root permissions and use smart speakers for eavesdropping and playing voice.

uk: вхід без авторизації

name: Breaking Smart Speaker: We are Listening to You


uk: Комп'ютерні науки

uk: вхід без авторизації

name: Automated Discovery of Deserialization Gadget Chains


uk: Комп'ютерні науки

description: In his notorious book Leviathan, the XVII century English philosopher Thomas Hobbes stated that: we should give our obedience to an unaccountable sovereign otherwise what awaits us is a state of nature that closely resembles civil war—a situation of universal insecurity. It looks like a lot of current political leaders have red and found the teachings of Hobbes applicable to modern day online life. We witness the rise of the Digital Leviathan. The same apps and applications that people use to connect, express opinions and dissatisfaction are used by governments (even democratic ones) to perform surveillance and censorship. This talk will focus on evidence of Nation-State spying, performing surveillance, and censorship. The aim is to present a systematical approach of data regarding cyber attacks against political targets (NGO/political groups/media outlets/opposition), acquisition and/or use of spywares from private vendors, requested content/metadata from social media/content providers, and blocking of websites/censorship reported by multiple sources. The findings of the research imply that: - 25 nations that have already used cyber offensive capabilities against political targets. - 60 nations acquired/developed spyware. - 117 nations requested content/metadata from social media/content providers. - 21 countries perform some level of censorship to online content.

uk: вхід без авторизації

name: Digital Leviathan: Nation-State Big Brothers (from huge to little ones)


Was ist ein Steckdosentaifun?

@language: de

uk: вхід без авторизації

name: Moderation Skorupka, Sascha (Leitung, Regie, Redaktion)

Leibniz Universität Hannover (LUH)

addressCountry: DE

addressLocality: Hanover

addressRegion: Lower Saxony


uk: Комп'ютерні науки

description: Fair elections are at the core of every democracy and are of paramount importance to our national security. The confidence in our electoral process is fundamental to ensuring that every vote- and therefore every voice- matters. In recent years, our Nation has become increasingly uneasy about the potential threats to our election infrastructure. The activities to undermine the confidence in the 2016 presidential election have been well documented and the United States (U.S.) Government has assessed that our adversaries will apply lessons learned from the 2016 election and will continue in their attempts to influence the U.S. and their allies' upcoming elections, including the 2018 mid-term elections. As the lead agency for securing the Nation's cyber infrastructure, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) has a mission to maintain public trust and protect America's election systems. In January 2017, the DHS Secretary designated election systems as critical infrastructure. This designation means election infrastructure has become a priority in shaping our planning and policy initiatives, as well as how we allocate our resources. DHS is working directly with election officials across 8,000 election jurisdictions and throughout 55 States and territories, to help them safeguard their systems. As the threat environment evolves, DHS will continue to work with state and local partners to enhance our understanding of the threat, share timely and actionable threat information, and provide essential physical and cybersecurity tools and resources available to the public and private sectors to increase security and resiliency. DHS is committed to ensuring that our adversaries never succeed with their campaign to undermine our democracy.

uk: вхід без авторизації

name: Securing our Nations Election Infrastructure


uk: Комп'ютерні науки

uk: вхід без авторизації

name: Re-Targetable Grammar Bases Test Generation


uk: Комп'ютерні науки

description: Pre-installed apps and firmware pose a risk due to vulnerabilities that can be pre-positioned on a device, rendering the device vulnerable on purchase. This means that the vulnerabilities are present even before the user enables wireless communications and starts installing third-party apps. To quantify the exposure of the Android end-users to vulnerabilities residing within pre-installed apps and firmware, we analyzed a wide range of Android vendors and carriers using devices spanning from low-end to flagship. Our primary focus was exposing pre-positioned threats on Android devices sold by United States (US) carriers, although our results affect devices worldwide. We will provide details of vulnerabilities in devices from all four major US carriers, as well two smaller US carriers, among others. The vulnerabilities we discovered on devices offered by the major US carriers are the following: arbitrary command execution as the system user, obtaining the modem logs and logcat logs, wiping all user data from a device (i.e., factory reset), obtaining and modifying a user’s text messages, sending arbitrary text messages, and getting the phone numbers of the user’s contacts, and more. All of the aforementioned capabilities are obtained outside of the normal Android permission model. Including both locked and unlocked devices, we provide details for 37 unique vulnerabilities affecting 25 Android devices with 11 of them being sold by US carriers. In this talk, we will present our framework that is capable of discovering 0-day vulnerabilities from binary firmware images and applications at scale allowing us to continuously monitor devices across different manufacturers and firmware versions. During the talk, we plan to perform a live demo of how our system works.

uk: вхід без авторизації

name: Vulnerable Out of the Box: An Evaluation of Android Carrier Devices


IOActive: Breaking WingOS

uk: Комп'ютерні науки

description: Extreme network's embedded WingOS (Originally created by Motorola) is an operating system used in several wireless devices such as access points and controllers. This OS is being used in Motorola devices, Zebra devices and Extreme network's devices. This research started focusing in an access point widely used in many Aircrafts by several worldwide airlines but ended up in something bigger in terms of devices affected as this embedded operating system is not only used in AP's for Aircrafts but also in Healthcare, Government, Transportation, Smart cities, small to big enterprises... and more. Based on public information, we will see how vulnerable devices are actively used (outdoors) in big cities around the world. But also in Universities, Hotels,Casinos, Big companies, Mines, Hospitals and provides the Wi-Fi access for places such as the New york City Subway. In this presentation we will show with technical details how several critical vulnerabilities were found in this embedded OS. First we will introduce some internals and details about the OS and then we will show the techniques used to reverse engineering the mipsN32 ABI code for the Cavium Octeon processor. It will be discussed how some code was emulated to detect how a dynamic password is generated with a cryptographic algorithm for a root shell backdoor. Besides, it will be shown how some protocols used by some services were reverse engineered to find unauthenticated heap and stack overflow vulnerabilities that could be exploitable trough Wireless or Ethernet connection. This OS also uses a proprietary layer 2/3 protocol called MiNT. This protocol is used for communication between WingOS devices through VLAN or IP. This protocol was also reverse engineered and remote heap/stack overflow vulnerabilities were found on services using this protocol and will be shown. As a live demonstration, 2 devices will be used to exploit a remote stack overflow chaining several vulnerabilities as the attacker could do inside an aircraft (or other scenarios) through the Wi-Fi. As there are not public shellcodes for mipsN32 ABI, the particularities of creating a Shellcode for mipsN32 ABI will be also discussed.

uk: вхід без авторизації


uk: Комп'ютерні науки

description: The police body camera market has been growing in popularity over the last few years. A recent (2016) Johns Hopkins University market survey found 60 different models have been produced specifically for law enforcement use. Rapid adoption is fueling this meteoric increase in availability and utilization. Additionally, device manufactures are attempting to package more and more technology into these devices. This has caused a deficiency in local municipalities' skills and budget to accurately assess the attack surface and exposure to the organization. Furthermore, departmental policies and procedures governing the secure deployment of these devices is largely insufficient. At DEF CON, we will be introducing tactics, techniques, and procedures to assess the security of these devices. We will cover attacks against the physical devices, RF components, smartphone app's, and desktop software. The capabilities demonstrated and discussed will encompass publicly and privately available technologies. Additionally, the talk will cover multiple products and vendors, shedding light on industry wide issues and trends. Finally, we will be releasing software to detect and track various devices and tie these issues into real world events.

uk: вхід без авторизації

name: Ridealong Adventures: Critical Issues with Police Body Cameras


uk: Комп'ютерні науки

description: You buy a brand-new smartwatch. You receive emails and send messages, right on your wrist. How convenient, this mighty power! But great power always comes with great responsibility. Smartwatches hold precious information just like smartphones, so do they actually fulfill their responsibilities? In this talk, we will investigate if the Samsung Gear smartwatch series properly screens unauthorized access to user information. More specifically, we will focus on a communication channel between applications and system services, and how each internal Tizen OS components play the parts in access control. Based on the analysis, we have developed a new simple tool to discover privilege violations in Tizen-based products. We will present an analysis on the Gear smartwatch which turns out to include a number of vulnerabilities in system services. We will disclose several previously unknown exploits in this presentation. They enable an unprivileged application to take over the wireless services, the user’s email account, and more. Further discussions will center on the distribution of those exploits through a registered application in the market, and the causes of the vulnerabilities in detail.

uk: вхід без авторизації

name: Your Watch Can Watch You! Gear Up for the Broken Privilege Pitfalls in the Samsung Gear Smartwatch


uk: Комп'ютерні науки

description: In this session, we introduce an open source hardware and software framework for fuzzing arbitrary RF protocols, all the way down to the PHY. While fuzzing has long been relied on by security researchers to identify software bugs, applying fuzzing methodologies to RF and hardware systems has historically been challenging due to siloed tools and the limited capabilities of commodity RF chipsets. We created the TumbleRF fuzzing orchestration framework to address these shortfalls by defining core fuzzing logic while abstracting a hardware interface API that can be mapped for compatibility with any RF driver. Thus, supporting a new radio involves merely extending an API, rather than writing a protocol-specific fuzzer from scratch. Additionally, we introduce Orthrus, a low-cost 2.4 GHz offensive radio tool that provides PHY-layer mutability to offer Software Defined Radio-like features in a flexible and low-latency embedded form factor. By combining the two, researchers will be able to fuzz and test RF protocols with greater depth and precision than ever before. Attendees can expect to leave this talk with an understanding of how RF and hardware physical layers actually work, and how to identify security issues that lie latent in these designs.

uk: вхід без авторизації

name: Designing RF Fuzzing Tools to Expose PHY Layer Vulnerabilities


uk: Комп'ютерні науки

description: In 2017 a malware framework dubbed TRITON (also referred to as TRISIS or HatMan) was discovered targeting a petrochemical plant in Saudi Arabia. TRITON was designed to compromise the Schneider Electric Triconex line of Safety Instrumented Systems (SIS), potentially in order to cause physical damage. TRITON is the most complex publicly known ICS attack framework to date and the first publicly known one to target safety controllers. While the functionality of the malware is understood, little is known about the complexity of developing such an implant. The goal of this talk is to provide the audience with a “through the eyes of the attacker” experience in designing advanced embedded systems exploits & implants for Industrial Control Systems (ICS). Attendees will learn about the background of the TRITON incident, the process of reverse-engineering and exploiting ICS devices and developing implants and OT payloads as part of a cyber-physical attack and will be provided with details on real-world ICS vulnerabilities and implant strategies. In the first part of the talk we will provide an introduction to ICS attacks in general and the TRITON incident in particular. We will outline the danger of TRITON being repurposed by copycats and estimate the complexity and development cost of such offensive ICS capabilities. In the second and third parts of the talk we will discuss the process of exploiting ICS devices to achieve code execution and developing ICS implants and OT payloads. We will discuss real-world ICS vulnerabilities and present several implant scenarios such as arbitrary code execution backdoors (as used in TRITON), pin configuration attacks, protocol handler hooking to spoof monitored signal values, suppressing interrupts & alarm functionality, preventing implant removal and control logic restoration and achieving cross-boot persistence. We will discuss several possible OT payload scenarios and how these could be implemented on ICS devices such as the Triconex safety controllers. In the final part of the talk we'll wrap up our assessment of the complexity & cost of developing offensive ICS capabilities such as the TRITON attack and offer recommendations to defenders and ICS vendors.

uk: вхід без авторизації

name: Thru the Eyes of the Attacker: Designing Embedded Systems for ICS


uk: Комп'ютерні науки

description: Ever worry about the hardware you leave behind? In a world where servers are co-located, and notebooks get left in hotel rooms, the ability to resist tampering, and if necessary actively respond to attack, has become increasingly important. And of course everybody knows the best booby traps are the ones you don't know are there. This talk will prepare you for life in 1984, where the maids are evil, and step brothers can't be trusted. Whether your running servers as a high value target, or simply want to protect your Monero private key, this talk will show you to achieve FIPS 140-2 level 4 security, without the FIPS 140-2 level 4 price tag. Specifically, we'll cover acquisition considerations, physical hardening, firmware mitigation, tamper detection and more.

uk: вхід без авторизації

name: Booby Trapping Boxes: Running Private Services as a High Value Target


Trouble in the Tubes

uk: Комп'ютерні науки

description: We all protect our home networks, but how safe is your data once it leaves on its journey to the latest cat pictures? How does your traffic make it to its destination and what threats does it face on its way? What is BGP and why should you care? In this talk, I'll explain the basic structure of the network that is the Internet and the trust relationships on which it is built. We'll explore several types of attacks that you may have seen in the news that exploit this relationship to bring down websites, steal cryptocurrency, and monitor dissidents. Because talking about bringing down the Internet isn't as much fun as doing, I'll show how to create a mini Internet using Mininet and demonstrate the attacks without the need for a BGP router or a lawyer. Finally, because nation states shouldn't get to have all the fun, I'll use Scapy and some novel techniques to demonstrate how a compromised router can be used to prevent attribution, frame a friend, or create a covert communication channel.

uk: вхід без авторизації


uk: Комп'ютерні науки

description: When caching servers and load balancers became an integral part of the Internet's infrastructure, vendors introduced "Edge Side Includes" (ESI), a technology allowing malleability in caching systems. This legacy technology, still implemented in nearly all popular HTTP surrogates (caching/load balancing services), is dangerous by design and brings a yet unexplored vector for web-based attacks. The ESI language consists of a small set of instructions represented by XML tags, served by the backend application server, which are processed on the Edge servers (load balancers, reverse proxies). Due to the upstream-trusting nature of Edge servers, ESI engines are not able to distinguish between ESI instructions legitimately provided by the application server and malicious instructions injected by a malicious party. We identified that ESI can be used to perform SSRF, bypass reflected XSS filters (Chrome), and perform Javascript-less cookie theft, including HTTPOnly cookies. Identified affected vendors include Akamai, Varnish, Squid, Fastly, WebSphere, WebLogic, F5, and countless language-specific solutions (NodeJS, Ruby, etc.). This presentation will start by introducing ESI and visiting typical infrastructures leveraging it. We will then delve into identification, exploitation of popular ESI engines, and mitigation.

uk: вхід без авторизації

name: Edge Side Include Injection: Abusing Caching Servers into SSRF and Transparent Session Hijacking


uk: Комп'ютерні науки

description: Typically, the activities of a malware attack occur on an execution timeline that generally consists of 3 segments—the vector, the stage, and the persistence. First, a vector, or method of exploitation is identified. This could be anything from logging in over a credentialed method like RDP or SSH and running a malicious payload directly, to exploiting a memory corruption vulnerability remotely. Second, that access is leveraged into running malicious code that prepares the victim for the deployment of persistence (commonly "implant"). While segments one and three have been extensively automated, a effective automated utility for deploying persistence in a dynamic and unified context has yet to present itself. Enter the Genesis Scripting Engine. The Genesis Scripting Engine, or Gscript for short, is a framework for building multi-tenant executors for several implants in a stager. The engine works by embedding runtime logic (powered by the V8 Javascript Virtual Machine) for each persistence technique. This logic gets run at deploy time on the victim machine, in parallel for every implant contained with the stager. The Gscript engine leverages the multi-platform support of Golang to produce final stage one binaries for Windows, Mac, and Linux. This talk will consist of an overview of the origins of the project, a technical deep dive into the inner workings including the modified Javascript VM, a walk through of the CLI utility, and examples of how we've leveraged Gscript in the real world. Multiple demos involving practical application scenarios will be presented, as well as an opportunity for audience members to submit their own implants and have them built into a hydra on stage in a matter of minutes.

uk: вхід без авторизації

name: I'll See Your Missle and Raise You A MIRV: An Overview of the Genesis scripting engine


uk: Комп'ютерні науки

description: Surveillance had been a fact of life for sex workers wherever they have faced prohibition. Only two elements, communication and association, can differentiate between commercial and personal sex, criminal enforcement of prostitution laws have necessarily meant targeting the speech and affiliation of perceived sex workers. Enforcement of this nature is facilitated by profiling, institutional bias, and broad overreaching policies that fundamentally violate individual human rights. This has included condoms as evidence, non-consensual medical screenings, and targeted harassment of black transgender women as well as license plate recording projects and stings that focus disrupting immigration or migrant workers. For all of its risks, screening potential clients is safer over email than it is in person during a street based negotiation often in an isolated part of town. SESTA (Stop Enabling Sex Traffickers Act) comes at a time when compelling research demonstrates that Craigslist resulted in a 17% drop in the female homicide rate. SESTA will also put victims at risk by delaying their identification and recovery by eliminating a digital paper trail. Additionally, Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act is a vital protection for a free internet. Subverting SESTA will create greater economic disparity between sex workers and ultimately empower pimps and agencies over independent providers.

uk: вхід без авторизації

name: Sex Work After SESTA (Stop Enabling Sex Traffickers Act)


uk: Комп'ютерні науки

description: Practice shows that even the most secure software written by the best engineers contain bugs. Malware is not an exception. In most cases their authors do not follow the best secure software development practices thereby introducing an interesting attack scenario which can be used to stop or slow-down malware spreading, defend against DDoS attacks and take control over C&Cs and botnets. Several previous researches have demonstrated that such bugs exist and can be exploited. To find those bugs it would be reasonable to use coverage-guided fuzzing. This talk aims to answer the following two questions: ___ we defend against malware by exploiting bugs in them ? How can we use fuzzing to find those bugs automatically ? The author will show how we can apply coverage-guided fuzzing to automatically find bugs in sophisticated malicious samples such as botnet Mirai which was used to conduct one of the most destructive DDoS in history and various banking trojans. A new cross-platform tool implemented on top of WinAFL will be released and a set of 0day vulnerabilities will be presented. Do you want to see how a small addition to HTTP-response can stop a large-scale DDoS attack or how a smart bitflipping can cause RCE in a sophisticated banking trojan? If the answer is yes, this is definitely your talk.

uk: вхід без авторизації

name: Fuzzing Malware For Fun & Profit. Applying Coverage-Guided Fuzzing to Find Bugs in Modern Malware


uk: Комп'ютерні науки

description: Voicemail systems have been with us since the 80s. They played a big role in the earlier hacking scene and re-reading those e-zines, articles and tutorials paints an interesting picture. Not much has changed. Not in the technology nor in the attack vectors. Can we leverage the last 30 years innovations to further compromise voicemail systems? And what is the real impact today of pwning these? In this talk I will cover voicemail systems, it's security and how we can use oldskool techniques and new ones on top of current technology to compromise them. I will discuss the broader impact of gaining unauthorized access to voicemail systems today and introduce a new tool that automates the process.

uk: вхід без авторизації

name: Compromising online services by cracking voicemail systems


uk: Комп'ютерні науки

description: The mitigations for Spectre highlighted a weak link in the patching process for many users: firmware (un)availability. While updated microcode was made publicly available for many processors, end-users are unable to directly consume it. Instead, platform and operating system vendors need to distribute firmware and kernel patches which include the new microcode. Inconsistent support from those vendors has left millions of users without a way to consume these critical security updates, until now. Micro-Renovator provides the ability to apply microcode updates without modifying either platform firmware or the operating system, through simple (and reversible) modifications to the EFI boot partition.

uk: вхід без авторизації

name: Micro-Renovator: Bringing Processor Firmware up to Code


uk: Комп'ютерні науки

description: With the proliferation of Linux-based SoCs -- you've likely got one or two in your house, on your person or in your pocket -- it is often useful to look "under the hood" at what is running; Additionally, in-situ debugging may be unavailable due to read-only filesystems, memory is often limited, and other factors keep us from attacking a live device. This talk looks at attacking binaries outside their native environment using QEMU, the Quick Emulator, as well as techniques for extracting relevant content from devices and exploring them.

uk: вхід без авторизації

name: It's assembler, Jim, but not as we know it!


uk: Комп'ютерні науки

description: Commercial Android emulators such as NOX, BlueStacks and Leidian are very popular at the moment and most games can run on these emulators fast and soundly. The bad news for game vendors is that these emulators are usually shipped with root permission in the first place. On the other hand, cheating tools developers are happy because they can easily distribute their tools to abusers without requiring the abusers to have a physical rooted device, nor do they need to perform laborious tuning for different Android OS / firmware version. However, luckily for game vendors, commercial Android emulators usually use an x86/ARM mixed-mode emulation for speed-up. As a result, a standard native hooking/DBI framework won't work on this kind of platform. This drawback could discourage the cheating developers. In this talk, I will introduce a native hooking framework on such a kind of mixed-mode emulators. The talk will include the process start routine of both command-line applications and Android JNI applications as well as how these routines differ on an emulator. The different emulation strategies adopted by different emulators and runtime environments (Dalvik/ART) will also be discussed. Based on these knowledge, I will explain why the existing hooking/DBI frameworks do not work on these emulators and how to make one that works. Lastly, I will present a demo of using this hooking framework to cheat a game on emulator. With this demo, I will discuss how the dark market of mobile game cheating may develop in the foreseeable future.

uk: вхід без авторизації

name: One Step Before Game Hackers - Instrumenting Android Emulators


uk: Комп'ютерні науки

description: The arbiters of defense wield many static analysis tools; disassemblers, PE viewers, and anti-viruses are among them. When you peer into their minds, these tools reveal their perilous implementations of PE file parsing. They assume PE files come as-is, but the Windows Loader actually applies many mutations (some at the command of the PE itself) before execution ever begins. This talk is about bending that loader to one's whim with the Relocations Table as a command spell. It will demonstrate how the loader can be instrumented into a mutation engine capable of transforming an utterly mangled PE file into a valid executable. This method starts with multiple ASLR Preselection attacks that force binary mapping at a predictable address. It then mangles the PE file, garbling any byte not required prior to relocation. Finally, it embeds a new Relocations Table which, when paired with a preselected base address, causes the loader to reconstruct the PE and execute it with ease. This isn't a packer or a POC, it is a PE rebuilder which generates completely valid, stable, and vastly tool-breaking executables. This talk will show you how this attack twists the protocols of a machine against the controls meant to protect it. It flexes on tools with various look-what-I-can-break demonstrations and, if you write similar tools, it'll make you rethink how you do it.

uk: вхід без авторизації

name: Relocation Bonus: Attacking the Windows Loader Makes Analysts Switch Careers


uk: Комп'ютерні науки

description: We will present a sample scene and panel talk on our documentary series Reverse Engineering to the hacking community, which has been in the works for 4 years. We have dozens of interviews spanning the first 3 decades of computer hacking, ultimately there will be hundreds. It's a big story, but for the purposes of DEF CON, we've put together a 17 min. Scene covering the 80s WarGames/Legion of Doom-era of computer hacking in the US. We've spoken to great people, but there are other viewpoints—this is a history that needs to be told by 1st person accounts. The accuracy and strength of our completed series is tantamount to the quality of who we interview and the questions that get asked. Accuracy is particularly important, there's been no shortage of media hype and lies regarding hacking since the 1980s. Our vision for this film series is inclusive and collaborative. We'd like to hear from attendees how to best tell the origin story of hacking to new generations, and more so the outside world who've been fed a lot of myths by the media. Those are the lawmakers and citizens of tomorrow that we need to reach. Little attention has been paid to the pioneering hacker spirit that has literally changed every aspect of life. We want to address and correct that.

uk: вхід без авторизації

name: Reverse Engineering: Hacking Documentary Series


uk: Комп'ютерні науки

description: We propose a new exploit technique that brings a whole-new attack surface to defeat path normalization, which is complicated in implementation due to many implicit properties and edge cases. This complication, being under-estimated or ignored by developers for a long time, has made our proposed attack vector possible, lethal, and general. Therefore, many 0days have been discovered via this approach in popular web frameworks written in trending programming languages, including Python, Ruby, Java, and JavaScript. Being a very fundamental problem that exists in path normalization logic, sophisticated web frameworks can also suffer. For example, we've found various 0days on Java Spring Framework, Ruby on Rails, Next.js, and Python aiohttp, just to name a few. This general technique can also adapt to multi-layered web architecture, such as using Nginx or Apache as a proxy for Tomcat. In that case, reverse proxy protections can be bypassed. To make things worse, we're able to chain path normalization bugs to bypass authentication and achieve RCE in real world Bug Bounty Programs. Several scenarios will be demonstrated to illustrate how path normalization can be exploited to achieve sensitive information disclosure, SMB-Relay and RCE. Understanding the basics of this technique, the audience won't be surprised to know that more than 10 vulnerabilities have been found in sophisticated frameworks and multi-layered web architectures aforementioned via this technique.

uk: вхід без авторизації

name: Breaking Parser Logic! Take Your Path Normalization Off and Pop 0Days Out


Revolting Radios: Get it? It's a pun!

uk: Комп'ютерні науки

description: There are many Software Defined Radios (SDRs) available, with a great deal of time and effort having gone in to their design. These are not those radios. We present four radios that we have designed using crude, novel, and sometimes ridiculous methods for transmitting and receiving signals. The arrival of SDR allowed more hackers than ever to experiment with radio protocols, but we're still using hardware built by other people. In the time honored hacker tradition of rolling our own tools, we'll demonstrate four simple radios that can be home-built using commonly available parts for little to no cost.

uk: вхід без авторизації


DEF CON 101 - The Panel

uk: Комп'ютерні науки

description: Ten years ago, DEF CON 101 was founded by HighWiz as a way to introduce n00bs to DEF CON. The idea was to help attendees get the best experience out of DEF CON (and also tell them how to survive the weekend!). The DEF CON 101 panel has been a way for people who have participated in making DEF CON what it is today to share those experiences and, hopefully, inspire attendees to expand their horizons. DEF CON offers so much more than just talks and the DEF CON 101 panel is the perfect place to learn about all things DEF CON so you, dear reader, can get the best experience possible. The panel will end with the time honored tradition of "Name the n00b" where lucky attendees will be brought up on stage to introduce themselves to you and earn the coveted 101 n00b handle. Don't worry if you don't make it on to the stage, there will be plenty of other prizes for you to enjoy!

uk: вхід без авторизації


uk: Комп'ютерні науки

description: Wireless sensor networks are commonly thought of as IoT devices communicating using familiar short-range wireless protocols like Zigbee, MiWi, Thread and OpenWSN. A lesser known fact is that about a decade ago, two industrial wireless protocols (WirelessHART and ISA100.11a) have been designed for industrial applications, which are based on the common IEEE 802.15.4 RF standard. These Wireless Industrial Sensor Networks (WISN) are used in process field device networks to monitor temperature, pressure, levels, flow or vibrations. The petrochemical industry uses WISN in oil and gas fields and plants around the world. Both IEC ratified standards have been commonly praised by the ICS industry for their security features, including strong encryption on multiple layers within the protocol stack, resistance to RF interference, and replay protection. While the standards in general look safe on paper, there are potential interesting attack vectors that require verification. However, security research so far has not yielded any significant results beyond basic attack vectors. Often these attacks have only been theorized, and not (publically) demonstrated. In addition, vendor implementations have not been thoroughly tested for security by independent third parties, due to protocol complexity and the lack of proper (hardware/software) tools. We strongly believe in Wright's principle,"Security does not improve until practical tools for exploration of the attack surface are made available."

uk: вхід без авторизації

name: It WISN't me, attacking industrial wireless mesh networks


uk: Комп'ютерні науки

description: In the ever raging battle between malicious code and anti-malware tools, firewalls play an essential role. Many a malware has been generically thwarted thanks to the watchful eye of these products. However on macOS, firewalls are rather poorly understood. Apple's documentation surrounding it's network filter interfaces is rather lacking and all commercial macOS firewalls are closed source. This talk aims to take a peek behind the proverbial curtain revealing how to both create and 'destroy' macOS firewalls. In this talk, we'll first dive into what it takes to create an effective firewall for macOS. Yes we'll discuss core concepts such as kernel-level socket filtering—but also how to communicate with user-mode components, install privileged code in a secure manner, and simple ways to implement self-defense mechanisms (including protecting the UI from synthetic events). Of course any security tool, including firewalls, can be broken. After looking at various macOS malware specimens that proactively attempt to detect such firewalls, we'll don our 'gray' (black?) hats to discuss various attacks against these products. And while some attacks are well known, others are currently undisclosed and can generically bypass even today's most vigilant Mac firewalls. But all is not lost. By proactively discussing such attacks, combined with our newly-found understandings of firewall internals, we can improve the existing status quo, advancing firewall development. With a little luck, such advancements may foil, or at least complicate the lives of tomorrow's sophisticated Mac malware!

uk: вхід без авторизації

name: Fire & Ice: making and breaking mac firewalls


The Mouse is Mightier than the Sword

uk: Комп'ютерні науки

description: In today's digital world the mouse, not the pen is arguably mightier than the sword. Via a single click, countless security mechanisms may be completely bypassed. Run untrusted app? click ...allowed. Authorize keychain access? click ...allowed. Load 3rd-party kernel extension? click ...allowed. Authorize outgoing network connection? click ...allowed. Luckily security-conscious users will (hopefully) heed such warning dialogues—stopping malicious code in its tracks. But what if such clicks can be synthetically generated and interact with such prompts in a completely invisible way? Well, then everything pretty much goes to hell. Of course OS vendors such as Apple are keenly aware of this 'attack' vector, and thus strive to design their UI in a manner that is resistant against synthetic events. Unfortunately they failed. In this talk we'll discuss a vulnerability (CVE-2017-7150) found in all recent versions of macOS that allowed unprivileged code to interact with any UI component including 'protected' security dialogues. Armed with the bug, it was trivial to programmatically bypass Apple's touted 'User-Approved Kext' security feature, dump all passwords from the keychain, bypass 3rd-party security tools, and much more! And as Apple's patch was incomplete (surprise surprise) we'll drop an 0day that (still) allows unprivileged code to post synthetic events and bypass various security mechanisms on a fully patched macOS box! And while it may seem that such synthetic interactions with the UI will be visible to the user, we'll discuss an elegant way to ensure they happen completely invisibly!

uk: вхід без авторизації


uk: Комп'ютерні науки

description: While you may not always be aware of them or even have heard of them, Crestron devices are everywhere. They can be found in universities, modern office buildings, sports arenas, and even high-end Las Vegas hotel rooms. If an environment has a lot of audio/video infrastructure, needs to interconnect or automate different IoT and building systems, or just wants the shades to close when the TV is turned on, chances are high that a Crestron device is controlling things from behind the scenes. And as these types of environments become the norm and grow ever more complex, the number of systems that Crestron devices are connected to grows as well. But it is in large part because of this complexity that installing and programming these devices is difficult enough without considering adding security. Instead of being a necessity, it's an extra headache that almost always gets entirely passed over. In this talk, I will take a look at different Crestron devices from a security perspective and discuss the many vulnerabilities and opportunities for fun to be found within. I will demonstrate both documented and undocumented features that can be used to achieve full system compromise and show the need to make securing these systems a priority, instead of an afterthought, in every deployment. In short, hijinx will ensue.

uk: вхід без авторизації

name: Who Controls the Controllers? Hacking Crestron IoT Automation Systems


uk: Комп'ютерні науки

description: Blockchain adaptation has reached a fever pitch, andthe community is late to the game of securing these platforms against attack. With the open source community enamored with the success of Ethereum, the enterprise community has been quietly building the next generation of distributed trustless applications on permissioned blockchain technologies. As of early 2018, an estimated half of these blockchain projects relied on the Hyperledger Fabric platform. In this talk we will discuss tools and techniques attackers can use to target Fabric. To this end we are demoing and releasing a new attack suite, Tineola, capable of performing network reconnaissance of a Hyperledger deployment, adding evil network peers to this deployment, using existing trusted peers for lateral network movement with reverse shells, and fuzzing application code deployed on Fabric. As George Orwell said: "Who controls the past controls the future. Who controls the present controls the past." This talk will demonstrate how a sufficiently armed red team can modify the blockchain past to control our digital future.

uk: вхід без авторизації

name: Tineola: Taking a Bite Out of Enterprise Blockchain: Attacking HyperLedger Fabric


uk: Комп'ютерні науки

description: Materials from renewable feedstocks may cause significant environmental impacts due to land use and land use change related to feedstock sourcing. Whilst these impacts are clearly spatially-dependent, spatially-resolved impact assessment is often hampered by lack of data, and in some cases, methods or models. In addition, the location and impacts of production are likely to change in the future, e.g. due to the consequences of climate change and due to sourcing trends in a growing economy and considering geopolitical conditions. This discussion forum will focus on 1) Methods that can be used to track the current locations of crop production systems in complex supply chains to support spatially resolved impact assessment and 2) Methods and tools to predict future locations of crops in the context of megatrends such as climate change and increasing demand for agricultural raw materials. 3) Advances of methods for spatially resolved consideration of environmental impacts of land use change will also be covered in this LCA forum.

uk: вхід без авторизації

name: Transparency for Sustainable Economies (Trase): an innovative data-driven approach to mapping commodity supply chains: applications for sustainability assessments and LCA

name: Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich (ETH Zürich)

addressCountry: CH

addressLocality: Zurich

addressRegion: Zurich


NSA Talks: Cybersecurity

uk: Комп'ютерні науки

description: The National Security Agency (NSA) has authorities for both foreign intelligence and cyber security. This unique position gives NSA insights into the ways networks are exploited and the methods that are effective in defending against threats. Over time, NSA has adapted the focus of its security efforts and continues to evolve with technologies and the adversaries we face. The talk will look back at some of the inflection points that have influenced NSA and US Government cybersecurity efforts and look at what is necessary to stay safe in the new environment.

uk: вхід без авторизації


uk: Комп'ютерні науки

description: Phone-based mobile money is becoming the dominant paradigm for financial services in the developing world processing more than a billion dollars per day for over 690 million users. For example, mPesa has an annual cash flow of over thirty billion USD, equivalent to nearly half of Kenya's GDP. Numerous other products exist inside of nearly every other market, including GCash in the Philippines and easyPaisa in Pakistan. As a part of this growth, competitors have appeared who leverage ThinSIMS, small SIM card add ons, to provide alternative mobile money implementations without operating their own mobile networks. However, the security implications of ThinSIMs are not well understood. This talk dives into decade old telecom standards to explore how ThinSIMs work and what attackers of mobile money systems can do when they control the interface between the SIM card and the phone. We will also demo two proof of concept exploits that use ThinSIMs to steal money from mobile money platforms and detail the difficulties of defense.

uk: вхід без авторизації

name: Thin SIM-based Attacks on Mobile Money Systems


uk: Комп'ютерні науки

description: Public keys are everywhere, after all, they are public. These keys are waiting to be reaped by those who know their real value. Hidden behind this public face lurks some potentially dangerous issues which could lead to a compromise of data and privacy. Leveraging hundreds of minion devices, we built a public key reaping machine (which we are open sourcing) and operated it on a global scale. Collected keys are tested for vulnerabilities such as the recent ROCA vulnerability or factorization using batch-GCD. We've collected over 300 million keys so far and built a database 4 to 10 times bigger than previous public works. Performing the initial computation on over 300 million keys took about 10 days on a 280 vCPU cluster. Many optimizations allow our tool to incrementally test new RSA keys for common prime factors against the whole dataset in just a few minutes. As a result of our research, we could have impersonated hundreds of people by breaking their PGP keys, mimicked thousands of servers thanks to their factored SSH keys and performed MitM attacks on over 200k websites relying on vulnerable X509 certificates. In the end, we were able to do this in an entirely passive way. Going further is possible, but it would lead us to the dark side. Would big brother hesitate to go there?

uk: вхід без авторизації

name: Reaping and breaking keys at scale: when crypto meets big data


uk: Комп'ютерні науки

description: In a world of high volume malware and limited researchers we need a dramatic improvement in our ability to process and analyze new and old malware at scale. Unfortunately what is currently available to the community is incredibly cost prohibitive or does not rise to the challenge. As malware authors and distributors share code and prepackaged tool kits, the corporate sponsored research community is dominated by solutions aimed at profit as opposed to augmenting capabilities available to the broader community. With that in mind, we are introducing our library for malware disassembly called Xori as an open source project. Xori is focused on helping reverse engineers analyze binaries, optimizing for time and effort spent per sample. Xori is an automation-ready disassembly and static analysis library that consumes shellcode or PE binaries and provides triage analysis data. This Rust library emulates the stack, register states, and reference tables to identify suspicious functionality for manual analysis. Xori extracts structured data from binaries to use in machine learning and data science pipelines. We will go over the pain-points of conventional open source disassemblers that Xori solves, examples of identifying suspicious functionality, and some of the interesting things we've done with the library. We invite everyone in the community to use it, help contribute and make it an increasingly valuable tool for researchers alike.

uk: вхід без авторизації

name: Finding Xori: Malware Analysis Triage with Automated Disassembly


uk: Комп'ютерні науки

description: Recently, the inspection of huge traffic log is imposing a great burden on security analysts. Unfortunately, there have been few research efforts focusing on scalablility in analyzing very large PCAP file with reasonable computing resources. Asura is a portable and scalable PCAP file analyzer for detecting anomaly packets using massive multithreading. Asura's parallel packet dump inspection is based on task-based decomposition and therefore can handle massive threads for large PCAP file without considering tidy parameter selection in adopting data decomposition. Asura is designed to scale out in processing large PCAP file by taking as many threads as possible. Asura takes two steps. First, Asura extracts feature vector represented by associative containers of sourceIP, destIP pair. By doing this, the feature vector can be drastically small compared with the size of original PCAP files. In other words, Asura can reduce packet dump data into the size of unique sourceIP, destIP pairs (for example, in experiment, Asura's output which is reduced in first step is about 2% compared with the size of original libpcap files). Second, a parallel clustering algorithm is applied for the feature vector r. In second step, Asura adopts an enhanced Kmeans algorithm. Concretely, two functions of Kmeans which are (1)calculating distance and (2)relabeling points are improved for parallel processing. In experiment, in processing public PCAP datasets, Asura can identified 750 packets which are labeled as malicious from among 70 million (about 18GB) normal packets. In a nutshell, Asura successfully found 750 malicious packets in about 18GB packet dump. For Asura to inspect 70 million packets, it took reasonable computing time of around 350-450 minutes with 1000-5000 multithreading by running commodity workstation. Asura will be released under MIT license and available at author's GitHub site on the first day of DEF CON 26.

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name: Asura: A huge PCAP file analyzer for anomaly packets detection using massive multithreading


uk: Комп'ютерні науки

description: Regarding ptmalloc2, many heap exploitation techniques have been invented in the recent years, well documented on the famous how2heap repository, or as writeups of famous CTF challenges (like House of Orange). However, most of them require atleast a libc/heap leak , or fail in non-PIE binaries. My new technique titled House of Roman leverages a single bug to gain shell leaklessly on a PIE enabled Binary. I shall showcase the ease of aligning the heap to perform this attack, thus demonstrating its versatility. Since this a 20 mins talk, attendees should be aware of basic heap exploitation techniques, like fastbin attacks and unsorted bin attacks, and have a general idea of how the ptmalloc2 algorithm works. As a bonus, I also discuss how to land a fastbin chunk in memory regions with no size alignment (like __free_hook ).

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name: House of Roman: Using Unsorted Bin Attack to achieve a leakless RCE on PIE Binaries


uk: Комп'ютерні науки

description: Mobile phones are quite complicated and feature multiple embedded processors handling wifi, cellular connectivity, bluetooth, and other signal processing in addition to the application processor. Have you ever been curious about how your phone actually makes calls and texts on a low level? Or maybe you want to learn more about the internals of the baseband but have no clue where to start. We will dive into the internals of a qualcomm baseband, tracing it's evolution over the years until its current state. We will discuss the custom, in-house DSP architecture they now run on, and the proprietary RTOS running on it. We will also cover the architecture of the cellular stack, likely places vulnerabilities lie, and exploit mitigations in place. Finally we will cover debugging possibilities, and how to get started analyzing the baseband firmware—how to differentiate between RTOS and cellular functions, how to find C std library functions, and more.

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name: A Journey Into Hexagon: Dissecting Qualcomm Baseband


uk: Комп'ютерні науки

description: Defenders have been slowly adapting to the new reality: Any organization is a target. They bought boxes that blink and software that floods the SOC with alerts. None of this matters as much as how administration is performed: Pop an admin, own the system. Admins are being dragged into a new paradigm where they have to more securely administer the environment. What does this mean for the pentester or Red Teamer? Admins are gradually using better methods like two-factor and more secure administrative channels. Security is improving at many organizations, often quite rapidly. If we can quickly identify the way that administration is being performed, we can better highlight the flaws in the admin process. This talk explores some common methods Active Directory administrators (and others) use to protect their admin credentials and the flaws with these approaches. New recon methods will be provided on how to identify if the org uses an AD Red Forest (aka Admin Forest) and what that means for one hired to test the organization's defenses, as well as how to successfully avoid the Red Forest and still be successful on an engagement. Some of the areas explored in this talk: Current methods organizations use to administer Active Directory and the weaknesses around them. Using RODCs in the environment in ways the organization didn't plan for (including persistence). Exploiting access to agents typically installed on Domain Controllers and other highly privileged systems to run/install code when that's not their typical purpose. Discovering and exploiting an AD forest that leverages an AD Admin Forest (aka Red Forest) without touching the Admin Forest. If you are wondering how to pentest/red team against organizations that are improving their defenses, this talk is for you. If you are a blue team looking for inspiration on effective defenses, this talk is also for you to gain better insight into how you can be attacked.

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name: Exploiting Active Directory: Administrator Insecurities


uk: Комп'ютерні науки

description: First of all, it's math. Not meth. So everybody be cool, I'm not gonna touch your central nervous system stimulant substances. Now that this is established, I can start telling my story. And this story, like all good stories, begins where it ends. Wait, no, not really. It begins at a birthday party where the sister of a friend asked if I could help her with MATLAB. No matter how horrible memories I had about MATLAB, I just couldn't say no. So the next day, there was I, sitting in my room, installing the trial. And that's when the hacking started... Believe me, there were a lot to hack in this case! Several gigabytes of installed materials, a few web servers, cloud integration, clustering capabilities, you name it. These software are bloated, they are basically their own little operating systems. Yup, I used plural. Because I thought why discriminate MATLAB? I should really give a chance to Maple and Mathematica to fail too!. I did, and they did fail, and these failures gave the material for my talk. Basically this will be a dump of exploits (RCEs, file disclosures, etc.), and if you use any of those software and you are at least a bit security conscious, you should definitely listen to it.

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name: sorry for the lame-ass title (all your math are belong to us)


uk: Комп'ютерні науки

description: In the past, when hackers did malicious program code injection, they used to adopt RunPE, AtomBombing, cross-process creation threads, and other approaches. They could forge their own execution program as any critical system service. However with increasing process of anti-virus techniques, these sensitive approaches have been gradually proactively killed. Therefore, hackers began to aim at another place, namely memory-level weakness, due to the breakages of critical system service itself. This agenda will simply introduce a new memory injection technique that emerged after 2013, PowerLoadEx. Based on this concept, three new injection methods will be disclosed as well. These makes good use of the memory vulnerability in Windows to inject malicious behavior into system critical services. The content will cover Windows reverse analysis, memory weakness analysis, how to use and utilize, and so on. The relevant PoC will be released at the end of the agenda.

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name: Playing Malware Injection with Exploit thoughts


Spatial MRIO Footprints

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uk: Комп'ютерні науки

description: In this modern digital age of technically competent adversaries we forget that there may still be a need to conduct old school physical surveillance against a target. Many organisations utilise surveillance teams and these may be in-house in the case of government agencies or third-party teams contracted for a specific task and their targets range from suspected terrorists to people accused of bogus insurance claims. Whilst most people think that they may never be placed under surveillance some professions increase this probability. For example, if you are a member of the press with sources that you only meet face to face you could be a target especially if the source is a whistleblower or has information that their employer would rather they didn't give to you. Would it seem far-fetched to think that a hacker, security researcher or a member of the EFF could be placed under surveillance? Maybe even some current and former DEF CON speakers and attendees? These teams are not the lone Private Investigator sat in their car at the bottom of your street but are highly trained individuals whose job is to remain undetected. Their mission is to observe and identify interactions and document everything they see. They aim to be "The Grey Man", that person, when asked to describe, you are unable to. Their techniques have changed very little over decades because they work. This talk will focus on mobile and foot surveillance techniques used by surveillance teams. It will also include tips on identifying if you are under surveillance and how to make their life difficult.

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name: Wagging the Tail: Covert Passive Surveillance


uk: Комп'ютерні науки

description: In 2014, we released the mana rogue AP toolkit at DEF CON 22. This fixed KARMA attacks which no longer worked against modern devices, added new capabilities such as KARMA against some EAP networks and provided an easy to use toolkit for conducting MitM attacks once associated. Since then, several changes in wifi client devices, including MAC randomisation, significant use of the 5GHz spectrum and an increased variety of configurations has made these attacks harder to conduct. Just firing up a vanilla script gets fewer credentials than it used to. To address this mana will be re-released in this talk with several significant improvements to make it easier to conduct rogue AP MitM attacks against modern devices and networks. After years of using mana in many security assessments, we've realised rogue AP'ing and MitM'ing is no simple affair. This extended talk will provide an overview of mana, the new capabilities and features, and walk attendees through three scenarios and their nuances: Intercepting corporate credentials at association (PEAP/EAP-GTC) Targeting one or more devices for MitM & collecting credentials "Snoopy" style geolocation & randomised MAC deanonymization As a bonus, you'll be able to download a training environment to practise all of this without requiring any wifi hardware (or breaking any laws).

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name: More MitM makes Mana mostly mediate mischievous Messages


Man-In-The-Disk

uk: Комп'ютерні науки

description: Most of modern OS are using sandboxing in order to prevent malicious apps from affecting other apps or even harming the OS itself. Google is constantly reinforcing Android’s sandbox protection, introducing new features to prevent any kind of sandbox bypass. In this talk we want to shed new light on a less known attack surface which affects all Android devices and allows an attacker to hijack the communication between privileged apps and the disk, bypassing Android’s latest sandbox protection. The problem begins when privileged apps interact with files stored in exposed areas, and even worse, some of them will unintentionally break the sandbox by insecurely appending such data to its confinements. Can you imagine if someone could execute code in the context of your keyboard, or install an unwanted app without your consent? Well… It’s hardly within the realm of imagination. The external storage and network based vulnerabilities we discovered, can be leveraged by the attacker to corrupt data, steal sensitive information or even take control of your device.

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uk: Комп'ютерні науки

description: The 3DS was one of Nintendo's first serious attempts at security, featuring a cool microkernel based OS and actual exploit mitigations. That didn't stop it from getting hacked pretty hard, making it possible for people to write their own homebrew software for the console. But Nintendo isn't one to back off from a fight and, as a result, has put significant effort into not only fixing vulnerabilities but also introducing new security features targeted specifically at killing exploit techniques used by hackers. This talk will describe hacking the console through all these defensive features by walking through a 0-day exploit chain that takes us all the way from zero access to a full system jailbreak.

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name: Jailbreaking the 3DS Through 7 Years of Hardening


Your Bank's Digital Side Door

uk: Комп'ютерні науки

description: Why does my bank's website require my MFA token but Quicken sync does not? How is using Quicken or any personal financial software different from using my bank's website? How are they communicating with my bank? These questions ran through my head when balancing the family checkbook every month. Answering these questions led me to deeply explore the 20 year old Open Financial Exchange (OFX) protocol and the over 3000 North American banks that support it. They led me to the over 30 different implementations running in the wild and to a broad and inviting attack surface presented by these banks' digital side doors. Now I'd like to guide you through how your Quicken, QuickBooks, Mint.com, or even GnuCash applications are gathering your checking account transactions, credit card purchases, stock portfolio, and tax documents. We'll watch them flow over the wire and learn about the jumble of software your bank's IT department deploys to provide them. We'll discuss how secure these systems are, that keep track of your money, and we'll send a few simple packets at several banks and count the number of security WTFs along the way. Lastly, I'll demo and release a tool that fingerprints an OFX service, describes its capabilities, and assesses its security.

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Inside the Fake Science Factory

uk: Комп'ютерні науки

description: Fake News has got a sidekick and it's called Fake Science. This talk presents the findings and methodology from a team of investigative journalists, hackers and data scientists who delved into the parallel universe of fraudulent pseudo-academic conferences and journals; Fake science factories, twilight companies whose sole purpose is to give studies an air of scientific credibility while cashing in on millions of dollars in the process. Until recently, these fake science factories have remained relatively under the radar, with few outside of academia aware of their presence; but the highly profitable industry is growing significantly and with it, so are the implications. To the public, fake science is indistinguishable from legitimate science, which is facing similar accusations itself. Our findings highlight the prevalence of the pseudo-academic conferences, journals and publications and the damage they can and are doing to society.

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DEF CON 26 Closing Ceremonies

uk: Комп'ютерні науки

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Welcome To DEF CON & Badge Maker Talk

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DEF CON GROUPS: Panel Discussion

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description: Do you love DEF CON? Do you hate having to wait for it all year? Well, thanks to DEF CON groups, you're able to carry the spirit of DEF CON with you year round, and with local people, transcending borders, languages, and anything else that may separate us! In this special event, your DEF CON groups team who works behind the scenes to make DCG possible will introduce themselves and provide status updates. After we're done talking, the remainder of time will be an informal open floor right there in the room to mingle and talk all things DCG.

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uk: Комп'ютерні науки

description: Most people are familiar with homograph attacks due to phishing or other attack campaigns using Internationalized Domain Names with look-alike characters. But homograph attacks exist against wide variety of systems that have gotten far less attention. This talk discusses the use of homographs to attack machine learning systems, to submit malicious software patches, and to craft cryptographic canary traps and leak repudiation mechanisms. It then introduces a generalized defense strategy that should work against homograph attacks in any context.

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name: Weaponizing Unicode: Homographs Beyond IDNs


uk: Комп'ютерні науки

description: Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) are devices used on a variety of industrial plants, from small factories to critical infrastructures like nuclear power plants, dams and wastewater systems. Although PLCs were made robust to sustain tough environments, little care was taken to raise defenses against potential cyber threats. As a consequence, threats started pouring in and causing havoc. During this presentation I will talk about the architecture of a PLC and how it can be p0wned. There will be some live demonstration attacks against 3 different brands of PLCs (if the demo demons allow it, if not I will just show a video). Additionally, I will demonstrate two vulnerabilities I recently discovered, affecting the Rockwell MicroLogix 1400 series and the Schneider Modicon M221 controllers.

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name: Hacking PLCs and Causing Havoc on Critical Infrastructures


uk: Комп'ютерні науки

description: First, Dragnet collects dozens of OSINT data points on past and present social engineering targets. Then, using conversion data from previous engagements, Dragnet provides recommendations for use on your current targets: phishing templates, vishing scripts and physical pretexts- all to increase conversions with minimal effort. Finally, features like landing page cloning and domain registration (alongside your standard infrastructure deployment, call scheduling and email delivery) make Dragnet one hell of a catch.

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name: Dragnet: Your Social Engineering Sidekick


uk: Комп'ютерні науки

description: Hack a lock and get free rides! (No free beer yet though...). This talk will explore the ever growing ride sharing economy and look at how the BLE "Smart" locks on shared bicycles work. The entire solution will be deconstructed and examined, from the mobile application to its supporting web services and finally communications with the lock. We will look at how to go about analysing communications between a mobile device and the lock, what works, what doesn't. Previous talks on attacking BLE targeted the protocol itself using various hardware and software such as Ubertooth and Wireshark, which could be potentially difficult for someone new wanting to explore BLE and the ever connected IoT world. I'll simplify and stupidify the entire process such that anyone with a mobile phone and basic experience with Frida can go about breaking locks and hacking BLE the world over.

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name: Hacking BLE Bicycle Locks for Fun and a Small Profit


uk: Комп'ютерні науки

description: Containerization, such as that provided by Docker, is becoming very popular among developers of large-scale applications. The good news: this is likely to make your life easier as an attacker. While exploitation and manipulation of traditional monolithic applications might require specialized experience and training in the target languages and execution environment, applications made up of services distributed among multiple containers can be effectively explored and exploited "from within" using many of the system- and network-level techniques that attackers, such as penetration testers, already know. The goal of this talk is to provide a hacker experienced in exploitation and post-exploitation of networks and systems with an exposure to containerization and the implications it has on offensive operations. Docker is used as a concrete example for the case study. A hacker can expect to leave this presentation with a practical exposure to multi-container application post-exploitation.

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name: An Attacker Looks at Docker: Approaching Multi-Container Applications


uk: Комп'ютерні науки

description: Barcodes and barcode scanners are ubiquitous in many industries and work with untrusted data on labels, boxes, and even phone screens. Most scanners also allow programming via barcodes to manipulate and inject keystrokes. See the problem? By scanning a few programming barcodes, you can infect a scanner and access the keyboard of the host device, letting you type commands just like a Rubber Ducky. This culminates in barcOwned—a small web app that allows you to program scanners and execute complex, device-agnostic payloads in seconds. Possible applications include keystroke injection (including special keys), infiltration and exfiltration of data on air-gapped systems, and good ol' denial of service attacks.

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name: barcOwned Popping Shells with Your Cereal Box


One-Click to OWA

uk: Комп'ютерні науки

description: With the presense of 2FA/MFA solutions growing, the attack surface for external attackers that have successfully phished/captured/cracked credentials is shrinking. However, many 2FA/MFA solutions leave gaps in their coverage which can allow attackers to leverage those credentials. For example, while OWA may be protected with 2FA, the Exchange Web Services Management API (EWS) offers many of the same features and functionalities without the same protections. In this talk, I will introduce ExchangeRelayX, an NTLM relay tool that provides attackers with access to an interface that resembles a victim's OWA UI and has many of its functionalities - without ever cracking the relayed credentials. ExchangeRelayX takes advantage of the gap in some 2FA/MFA solutions protecting Exchange, potentially resulting in a single-click phishing scheme enabling an attacker to exfiltrate sensitive data, perform limited active-directory enumeration, and execute further internal phishing attacks.

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uk: Комп'ютерні науки

description: When it comes to taking advantage of SMB connections, most tools available to penetration testers aim for system enumeration or for performing relay attacks to gain RCE. If signatures are required, or if the victims relayed are not local admins anywhere, that can put a real stint in leveraging SMB to gain any serious footholds in a network. Fortunately, the mentioned attacks are only the tip of the iceberg of the ways to gain RCE with insecure SMB connections – and there’s a new tool to help take full advantage of these opportunities.

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name: SMBetray: Backdooring & Breaking Signatures