keywords:
Chemical and biological weapons
Aircraft and aviation
Weapons and equipment

uk: Авіаційна та ракетно-космічна техніка

de: Ingenieurwissenschaften

en: Engineering Sciences

uk: Транспортні технології/Мореплавство

description:
Drone Delivery of CBNRECy – DEW Weapons: Emerging Threats of Mini-Weapons of Mass Destruction and Disruption (WMDD) is our sixth textbook in a series covering the world of UASs & UUVs. Our textbook takes on a whole new purview for UAS / CUAS/ UUV (drones) – how they can be used to deploy Weapons of Mass Destruction and Deception against CBRNE and civilian targets of opportunity. We are concerned with the future use of these inexpensive devices and their availability to maleficent actors. Our work suggests that UASs in air and underwater UUVs will be the future of military and civilian terrorist operations. UAS / UUVs can deliver a huge punch for a low investment and minimize human casualties.

Repeating, we are concerned with the future use of these inexpensive devices and their availability to maleficent actors. As I write this description, we are on the 56th day of the savage invasion of Ukraine by Russia under President Putin. The Russian drone fleet numbers are above 500. They have had five years to grow their fleet. Russia currently uses them for domestic security, Syrian operations, and defense. (Facon, 2016) In the conflict, Russian troops seriously outnumber Ukrainian forces. However, on February 8, 2022, a Forbes report stated that Ukraine used 20 Turkish TB-2 drones to hit Russian targets and offset some of Russia's enormous military advantages. (Malsin, 2022) According to Fox News, on February 27, 2022, President Putin ordered nuclear deterrent forces status raised to “special combat readiness” (Colton, 2022)

News like this in just one conflict suggests that UASs in air and underwater UUVs will be the future of military and civilian terrorist operations. UAS / UUVs can deliver a huge punch for a low investment and minimize human casualties. Our team believes that China is watching both the United States’ Neville Chamberlain appeasement strategy and the aggressive nature of Russia in its full-scale invasion of its neighbor. This portends that Taiwan is the next meal on the global plate. Unfortunately, two other state actors have season tickets: Iran and North Korea. Iran's drone fleet is impressive and has caused other Gulf states' inventories to escalate (UAE, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Israel) (Barrie, 2021). North Korea (NK) lies about its air power. However, one report states that NK will have drones with stealth capability. (Choi, 2021) Maybe. According to Datablog, the US has the most drones and is best equipped for warfare. China, of course, might dispute these statistics. (DATABLOG, 2012) However, carrying a big stick doesn't count anymore in the UAS's future military play without the will to use it.

Our Wildcat team is composed of some impressive SMEs. We divided the work into four sections. Section 1 covers Chemical, Biological, Radiation, Nuclear, Explosive (CBRNE) weapons and payloads delivered by unmanned vehicles. Here we look at the technologies and damage delivered by drones as mini weapons of mass destruction and disruption. Chapter 7 concentrates on Deception and how drones can be used in PSYOPS and INFOWAR. Section 2 concentrates on Directed Energy Weapons (DEW), projectiles payloads, satellite killers, port disrupters, and cyberweapons against CBRN assets. Section 3 looks at policy considerations, risk assessments of threats and vulnerabilities of drone-based WMDD / DEW, practical crime scene investigations for hot zones, and unique challenges of responding to bioterrorism and chemical threats and attacks delivered by drones. Our final Section 4 concludes with social networking implications and DRONESEC security and tracking tools of the trade.

Over two years of solid research by a team of eleven SMEs is incorporated into our book. We trust you will enjoy reading it as much as we have in its writing. There are nightmares aplenty.

uk: вхід без авторизації

name: DRONE DELIVERY OF CBNRECy – DEW WEAPONS Emerging Threats of Mini-Weapons of Mass Destruction and Disruption ( WMDD)


Dwight Day

type: Person

de: Kunst, Kunstwissenschaft

uk: Мистецтво, мистецтвознавство

en: Art, Art Theory

Pressbooks Directory

type: Service

type: WebContent

@language: en

cs: přihlášení není vyžadováno

de: keine Anmeldung erforderlich

uk: вхід без авторизації

en: no login required

nl: geen login vereist

name: Digital Signal Processing: The Essentials that You Need to Know. Theory to Practice

Kansas State University

addressCountry: US

addressLocality: Manhattan

addressRegion: Kansas

type: Organization

cs: Učebnice

de: Lehrbuch

fi: Oppikirja

uk: Підручник

en: Textbook

fr: Manuel Scolaire

da: Lærebog

nl: Studieboek

es: Libro de Texto


description:
The Second Edition of Economics of Food and Agricultural Markets is written for applied intermediate microeconomics courses. The book showcases the power of economic principles to explain and predict issues and current events in the food, agricultural, agribusiness, international trade, labor markets, and natural resource sectors. The field of agricultural economics is relevant, important and interesting. The study of market structures, also called industrial organization, provides powerful, timely, and useful tools for any individual or group making personal choices, business decisions, or public policies in food and agricultural industries.

Readers will benefit from a large number of real-world examples and applications of the economic concepts under discussion. The book introduces economic principles in a succinct and reader-friendly format, providing students and instructors with a clear, up-to-date, and straightforward approach to learning how a market-based economy functions, and how to use simple economic principles for improved decision making. The principles are applied to timely, interesting, and important real-world issues through words, graphs, and simple algebra and calculus. This book is intended for students who study agricultural economics, microeconomics, rural development and/or environmental policy.

uk: вхід без авторизації

name: The Economics of Food and Agricultural Markets


EDCI 110: Foundations of Education

Della Perez

honorificPrefix: Dr.

uk: вхід без авторизації


El español en mi entorno

uk: Мистецтво, мистецтвознавство

uk: вхід без авторизації


name: Editors: Ndjido A. Kane, Daniel Foncéka,

description:
This book focuses on three important elements in the development of cereal and legume crops in semi-arid West Africa. The first section illustrates the socioeconomic factors that affect the food system for these crops and contains an overview of crop production and consumption in the region. Then, important inputs that affect system productivity are presented: preferences for new seed varieties, yield response to fertilizer, counterfeit herbicides, climate information, and the way farmers develop expectations about the weather events that shape cropping outcomes. The final chapter of section one is dedicated to understanding urban consumer preferences for processed food products derived from pearl millet.

The second section addresses the state of the art of phenotyping and the modeling of crop adaptation to dryland farming systems. Chapters in section two focus on the regional network for phenotyping, high throughput phenotyping in field situations, root architectures, and crop ideotypes. In addition, empirical evidence is presented on root and soil interactions and the effectiveness of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs to assess sorghum physiology.

Finally, the third section investigates the genetic diversity and improvement of dryland crops. Chapters in this section focus on biodiversity and agricultural system sustainability, orphan crops such as fonio, and the utilization of a regional germplasm collection in the improvement of cowpea, groundnut, pearl millet, and sorghum.

type: Book LearningResource

uk: вхід без авторизації

name: Crop Adaptation and Improvement for Drought-Prone Environments


Core Teaching Skills

uk: Мистецтво, мистецтвознавство

uk: вхід без авторизації

name: EDCI 702: Curriculum, Instruction, and Assessment


Action Research

uk: вхід без авторизації


keywords: Educational: Modern (non-native or second) languages: Language learning

description: Intended for students who have advanced or superior skills in both Spanish and English and a basic familiarity with translation and interpretation. Activities are based on the U.S. context. Translation activities increase in difficulty. The sequencing of interpreting activities develops skills gradually by beginning with memory exercises, then moving into class role plays, and finally working with legal interpreting exercises of increasing difficulty. Judicial interpreting activities target the three modes of interpreting used in the judicial setting: sight translation of documents, consecutive interpreting, and simultaneous interpreting.

uk: вхід без авторизації

name: Intermediarios: Introduction to Spanish English Community and Legal Translation and Interpreting


Social Justice in a Family Context

description:
This textbook is an amalgamation of material licensed under Creative Commons and publicly available resources. Materials include online textbooks, YouTube videos, and other materials published online. The text focuses on issues that impact families in the U.S.

The intent of the material presented is to provide information regarding the inequities that exist in the U.S, and their impact on families. Having an awareness of these issues and reflecting on them, especially in regards to our role in dismantling these inequities and promoting and advocating for social justice is crucial when working with families.

It is imperative that we approach the material presented with an open mind and -heart, listen for and feel the struggle of the disenfranchised, and allow ourselves to be impassioned to go beyond being an ally and instead serve as an accomplice. Being an accomplice means using one’s privileged position to create space for the marginalized, working alongside them to effect systemic change.

It further means being willing to bear the cost of discomfort because real advocacy is not restful. And until we know what the oppressed are up against and how it affects them, and the role we play in perpetuating oppression, we can’t honestly begin to effect change. I thank the authors whose contributions provide us the opportunity to explore, learn and grow.

uk: вхід без авторизації


keywords: Educational: Language, literature and literacy

keywords: Educational: Modern (non-native or second) languages: Language learning: readers

keywords: Language teaching and learning material and coursework: culture / civilisation

keywords: Educational: Modern (non-native or second) languages: Language learning: grammar, vocabulary and pronunciation

keywords: Language teaching and learning: second or additional languages

keywords: Educational: Modern (non-native or second) languages: Literature studies

uk: вхід без авторизації

name: K-State's Multi-Language Activity Workbook

name: New Prairie Press Open Book Publishing at K-State


uk: вхід без авторизації

name: Greek and Latin for Scientists--Medical Terminology


description:
Mil puertas está diseñado para estudiantes de español con un nivel mínimo de intermedio medio. is designed for students with Spanish proficiency of intermediate mid and above. Desarrolla herramientas y vocabulario para analizar poesía, narrativa, teatro y cine, conectando estos géneros con otros tipos de textos culturales tales como canciones, arte visual y narrativa no ficción. Aunque se explora brevemente el contexto de cada lectura, un panorama cronológico de períodos literarios va más allá del alcance de este libro. Las actividades previas y posteriores a cada texto fomentan el desarrollo de habilidades lingüísticas y de lecto-escritura; pueden completarse individualmente o en grupos, antes de o durante las sesiones de clase. La complejidad de las lecturas y las actividades aumenta paulatinamente.

Mil puertas is designed for students with Spanish proficiency of intermediate mid and above. It develops tools and vocabulary for analyzing poetry, narrative, theatre, and film, relating these to cultural texts in other genres such as songs, visual art, and nonfiction narrative. While the context of each text is briefly explored, a chronological panorama of literary periods is beyond the scope of this book. Pre- and post-reading activities may be completed individually or in groups, in or out of class, and include support for language and literacy skills. Activities build in complexity.

@language: es

uk: вхід без авторизації

name: Mil puertas: lecturas literarias y culturales


Transformaciones

uk: вхід без авторизації

Weber State University

addressLocality: Ogden

addressRegion: Utah


description:
Unmanned Vehicle Systems & Operations on Air, Sea & Land is the author's fourth textbook in a series covering the world of Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) and Counter Unmanned Aircraft Systems (CUAS). Unmanned Aircraft Systems in the Cyber Domain: Protecting USA’s Advanced Air Assets, 2nd edition and Counter Unmanned Aircraft Systems Technologies and Operations have seen considerable global recognition in the field. (Nichols R. , et al., 2019) (Nichols R. , et al., 2020) (Nichols R. K., 2018)

The authors have expanded our purview beyond UAS / CUAS systems. Our title shows our concern for growth and unique cyber security unmanned vehicle technology and operations for Unmanned Vehicles Systems in all theaters: Air, Sea and Land – especially maritime cybersecurity and China proliferation issues.

Three different factors have spurred the authors into expanding our textbook offerings. First, unmanned technology has seen an economic explosion in production, sales, testing, specialized designs, and friendly / hostile usages of deployed UAS / UAVs / Drones / UUVs / UDV / UGTs (hereafter referred to as a group as UVs). There is a huge global growing market and entrepreneurs know it. Small UV companies have been reproducing like rabbits. Many companies are exploring / creating new, unique, and profitable unmanned technologies for all military branches, LEO, commercial, high-mountain and deep-sea rescue, and recreational purposes. Covid-19 has brought a new dimension to UV planning and designs for medical and rescue missions.

Second, hostile use of UVs is on the forefront of DoD defense and offensive planners. They are especially concerned with SWARM behaviors in the air, over land and a new threat of underwater. The influence of IoT, AI and Cyber technologies has complicated the defense planning mission.

Third, UV technology has outpacing our first and second editions plus our textbook on CUAS. Everyday our writers group read / discussed new UAS / UV developments in navigation, weapons, surveillance, data transfer, fuel cells, stealth, weight distribution, tactics, GPS / GNSS ( and replacement technologies) elements, SCADA protections, privacy invasions, legislation, big-data usage, terrorist uses, cryptographic protections, pressure protection for deep water exploration, maintenance, rescue or intelligence gathering; ASW, and defense; specialized software and security protocols and more. As authors we felt compelled to address at least the edge of some of these new UV developments. It was clear that we would be lucky if we could cover some of the more interesting and priority technology updates for the various UV AOs.

Expanded purview means more experience was needed to write our newest work. We are privileged to add to original writing team of Nichols, Ryan, Mumm, Lonstein, Carter, and Hood new SMEs in the various UV technologies: Mai, Jackson, and Shay. Their extensive backgrounds are found in our tribute to the authors in a latter section.

Here is an outline of topics in our latest work:

SECTION 1: UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS

Chapter 1 Information Advances, Remote ID, & Extreme Persistence ISR [Ryan]

Chapter 2 : Unmanned Aerial Vehicles & How They Can Augment Mesonet Weather Tower Data Collection [Mai]

Chapter 3 Tour de Drones for the Discerning Palate [Nichols]

SECTION 2: UNMANNED UNDERWATER SYSTEMS

Chapter 4 Underwater Autonomous Navigation & other UUV Advances [Mumm]

Chapter 5 Autonomous Maritime Asymmetric Systems [Hood]

Chapter 6 UUV Integrated Autonomous Missions & Drone Management [Mumm]

Chapter 7 Principles of Naval Architecture Applied to UUV’s [Jackson]

SECTION 3: UNMANNED VEHICLES FOR GROUND / LAND OPERATIONS

Chapter 8 : Unmanned Logistics Operating Safely & Efficiently Across Multiple Domains [Lonstein]

Chapter 9 Chinese Advances in Stealth UAV Penetration Path Planning in Combat Environment [Nichols]

SECTION 4: UNMANNED VEHICLES WEAPONS FOR C4ISR & POPULATION TRACKING & CONTROL

Chapter 10 UAS, the Fourth Amendment and Privacy [Shay]

Chapter 11 UV & Disinformation / Misinformation Channels [Ryan]

SECTION 5: UV GEOPOLITICAL & LEGAL ADVANCES

Chapter 12 Chinese UAS Proliferation along New Silk Road Sea / Land Routes [Carter]

Chapter 13 Automaton, AI, Law, Ethics, Crossing the Machine – Human Barrier [Lonstein]

Chapter 14 Maritime Cybersecurity [Nichols]

Unmanned Vehicle Systems are an integral part of the US national critical infrastructure The authors have endeavored to bring a breadth and quality of information to the reader that is unparalleled in the unclassified sphere. Unmanned Vehicle (UV) Systems & Operations On Air, Sea, Land discusses state-of-the-art technology / defense issues facing U.S. UV system researchers / designers / manufacturers / testers.

We trust our newest look at Unmanned Vehicles in Air , Sea and Land will enrich our students and readers understanding of the purview of this wonderful technology we call UV.

uk: вхід без авторизації

name: UNMANNED VEHICLE SYSTEMS & OPERATIONS ON AIR, SEA, LAND


uk: вхід без авторизації

name: Autobiography of George Washington Owens: First African American Graduate of Kansas State University


Archives & Primary Sources Handbook

name: Edited by: V. L. Denison, S.K. Kearns, R. Leimkuehler, I. Rogova

keywords: Archiving, preservation and digitization

de: Erziehungswissenschaften

uk: Педагогічні науки

en: Educational Sciences

de: Rechts-, Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaften

uk: Право, економіка та суспільні науки

en: Law, Economics and Social Sciences

description:
This open-access handbook serves as both a textbook for those interested in learning about handling and using archival and primary source materials, and a guide for educators teaching these skills.

The handbook is organized into three sections:

  * Reference: This section includes encyclopedia-style chapters that provide context and aids researchers and learners in understanding how archival collections and the materials in them work and can be “read.”
  * Lesson Plans: This section includes activities and classes that can be used as written, or modified, by educators.
  * Pedagogy: This section includes educational theories and practices that inform teaching with primary and archival sources.

uk: вхід без авторизації


(Re)Writing Communities and Identities

uk: Мистецтво, мистецтвознавство

uk: вхід без авторизації


Educational Psychology

uk: Мистецтво, мистецтвознавство

uk: вхід без авторизації


keywords: Internet and digital media: arts and performance

keywords: Media, entertainment, information and communication industries

de: Sozialwissenschaften/Soziologie

uk: Суспільні науки та соціологія

en: Social Sciences/Sociology

uk: Право, економіка та суспільні науки

description: Social imagery, the visuals shared by users via various platforms and applications, may be analyzed to elicit something of massmind (and individual) thinking. This work involves the exploration of seven topics from various subject areas (global public health, environmentalism, human rights, political expression, and human predation) through social imagery and data from social media. The coding techniques involve manual coding, the integration of multiple social data streams, computational text analysis, data visualizations, and other combinations of approaches.

uk: вхід без авторизації

name: Social World Sensing via Social Image Analysis from Social Media


keywords: Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning

keywords: Environmental science, engineering and technology

de: Geowissenschaften (ohne Geographie)

uk: Науки про Землю(крім географії)

en: Geosciences (excl. Geography)

de: Geographie

uk: Географія

en: Geography

de: Mathematik, Naturwissenschaften

uk: Математика, природничі науки

en: Mathematics, Natural Sciences

uk: вхід без авторизації

name: Soil and Water Conservation Laboratory Manual


keywords: Pollution and threats to the environment

uk: Науки про Землю(крім географії)

uk: Математика, природничі науки

uk: вхід без авторизації

name: Soil and Water Conservation: An Annotated Bibliography


Soils Laboratory Manual

uk: Науки про Землю(крім географії)

uk: Математика, природничі науки

description:
The Soils Laboratory Manual, K-State Edition is designed for students in undergraduate, introductory soil science courses. The lab manual highlights the multidisciplinary aspects of soil science with laboratories focused on soil formation, classification, and mapping; soil physics, soil biology; soil chemistry; and soil fertility and management. The lab manual includes 16 different chapters, each one starting with an introduction and pre-lab assignment, followed by in-lab activities, and complimented by a post-lab assignment. In-lab activities involve field trips, experiments, observation stations, or problem sets. Post-lab assignments include online quizzes, problem sets, or laboratory summary reports.

Version 1 of the lab manual was quickly established as a go-to manual for introductory soil science courses, and was adopted for use by hundreds of soils instructors from around the world. Expanded, updated, and reorganized, Version 2 represents a significant revision to the lab manual, and exhibits a completely new design with improved functionality and accessibility. In addition to a PDF, Version 2 is available in MOBI and EPUB eBook formats and as a web book. A new laboratory, the SoilWeb Field Trip, was added to Version 2 along with significant revisions to the Compost Facility Field Trip and Soil Carbon and Respiration laboratories. The recommended readings in each laboratory now include links to free, online resources in place of conventional textbook reading assignments.

The Soils Laboratory Manual, K-State Edition is used in introductory soil science course at Kansas State University, and is based on the Soils Laboratory Manual, NC State Edition used at North Carolina State University. The Soils Laboratory Manual, K-State Edition was originally published by New Prairie Press in 2017, and was included as a supplement to ‘An Open-Source Laboratory Manual for Introductory Undergraduate Soil Science Courses’ in Natural Sciences Education, Vol. 46:170013, https://dl.sciencesocieties.org/publications/nse/articles/46/1/170013. Supporting materials, assignments, and instructor versions of the lab manual are available at open.soilscience.info. The lab manual is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Digital copies of the Soils Laboratory Manual, K-State Edition Version 2.0 are available for download from New Prairie Press at no cost.

uk: вхід без авторизації


Randall K. Nichols

honorificPrefix: Prof.

keywords: Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes

de: Luft- und Raumfahrttechnik

uk: Авіаційна та ракетно-космічна техніка

en: Aeronautical and Aerospace Engineering

cs: Technické vědy

fi: tekniikka

uk: Інженерія

fr: Ingénierie

da: Ingeniørvidenskab

es: Ingeniería

nl: Engineering

de: Verkehrstechnik, Nautik

uk: Транспортні технології/Мореплавство

en: Traffic Engineering, Nautical Science

description:
SPACE SYSTEMS: EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES AND OPERATIONS is our seventh textbook in a series covering the world of UASs / CUAS/ UUVs. Other textbooks in our series are Drone Delivery of CBNRECy – DEW Weapons: Emerging Threats of Mini-Weapons of Mass Destruction and Disruption (WMDD); Disruptive Technologies with applications in Airline, Marine, Defense Industries; Unmanned Vehicle Systems & Operations On Air, Sea, Land; Counter Unmanned Aircraft Systems Technologies and Operations; Unmanned Aircraft Systems in the Cyber Domain: Protecting USA’s Advanced Air Assets, 2nd edition; and Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) in the Cyber Domain Protecting USA's Advanced Air Assets, 1st edition. Our previous six titles have received considerable global recognition in the field. (Nichols & Carter, 2022) (Nichols et al., 2021) (Nichols R. K. et al., 2020) (Nichols R. et al., 2020) (Nichols R. et al., 2019) (Nichols R. K., 2018)

Our seventh title takes on a new purview of Space. Let's think of Space as divided into four regions. These are Planets, solar systems, the great dark void (which fall into the purview of astronomers and astrophysics), and the Dreamer Region. The earth, from a measurement standpoint, is the baseline of Space. It is the purview of geographers, engineers, scientists, politicians, and romantics. Flying high above the earth are Satellites. Military and commercial organizations govern their purview. The lowest altitude at which air resistance is low enough to permit a single complete, unpowered orbit is approximately 80 miles (125 km) above the earth's surface. Normal Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite launches range between 99 miles (160 km) to 155 miles (250 km). Satellites in higher orbits experience less drag and can remain in Space longer in service. Geosynchronous orbit is around 22,000 miles (35,000 km). However, orbits can be even higher. UASs (Drones) have a maximum altitude of about 33,000 ft (10 km) because rotating rotors become physically limiting. (Nichols R. et al., 2019) Recreational drones fly at or below 400 ft in controlled airspace (Class B, C, D, E) and are permitted with prior authorization by using a LAANC or DroneZone. Recreational drones are permitted to fly at or below 400 ft in Class G (uncontrolled) airspace. (FAA, 2022) However, between 400 ft and 33,000 ft is in the purview of DREAMERS.

In the DREAMERS region, Space has its most interesting technological emergence. We see emerging technologies and operations that may have profound effects on humanity. This is the mission our book addresses. We look at the Dreamer Region from three perspectives:1) a Military view where intelligence, jamming, spoofing, advanced materials, and hypersonics are in play; 2) the Operational Dreamer Region; which includes Space-based platform vulnerabilities, trash, disaster recovery management, A.I., manufacturing, and extended reality; and 3) the Humanitarian Use of Space technologies; which includes precision agriculture wildlife tracking, fire risk zone identification, and improving the global food supply and cattle management.

Here’s our book’s breakdown:

SECTION 1 C4ISR and Emerging Space Technologies. C4ISR stands for Command, Control, Communications, Computers, Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance. Four chapters address the military: Current State of Space Operations; Satellite Killers and Hypersonic Drones; Space Electronic Warfare, Jamming, Spoofing, and ECD; and the challenges of Manufacturing in Space.

SECTION 2: Space Challenges and Operations covers in five chapters a wide purview of challenges that result from operations in Space, such as Exploration of Key Infrastructure Vulnerabilities from Space-Based Platforms; Trash Collection and Tracking in Space; Leveraging Space for Disaster Risk Reduction and Management; Bio-threats to Agriculture and Solutions From Space; and rounding out the lineup is a chapter on Modelling, Simulation, and Extended Reality.

SECTION 3: Humanitarian Use of Space Technologies is our DREAMERS section. It introduces effective use of Drones and Precision Agriculture; and Civilian Use of Space for Environmental, Wildlife Tracking, and Fire Risk Zone Identification.

SECTION 3 is our Hope for Humanity and Positive Global Change. Just think if the technologies we discuss, when put into responsible hands, could increase food production by 1-2%. How many more millions of families could have food on their tables?

State-of-the-Art research by a team of fifteen SMEs is incorporated into our book. We trust you will enjoy reading it as much as we have in its writing. There is hope for the future.

uk: вхід без авторизації

name: Space Systems: Emerging Technologies and Operations


keywords:
Literacy
Teaching of a specific subject

uk: Педагогічні науки

uk: Право, економіка та суспільні науки

uk: вхід без авторизації

name: Teaching Literacy in Grades Pre-K to 2 - 2nd Edition


Advanced Technologies for Humanity

uk: Суспільні науки та соціологія

cs: Informatika

de: Informatik

fi: tietojenkäsittelytiede

uk: Комп'ютерні науки

en: Computer Science

fr: Informatique

da: Datalogi

es: Ciencias de la Computación

nl: Informatica

uk: Право, економіка та суспільні науки

description:
ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES FOR HUMANITY is our ninth textbook in a series covering the world of UASs / CUAS / UUVs / Space. In this book, we change our perspective from advanced weapons and intelligence (potentially harmful to humanity) to exploring the use of advanced technologies to benefit society. The authors chose vital technologies that we envision can be used to help humanity survive or turn into less threatening outcomes for society. Chapter One introduces Wargaming and Artificial intelligence. In it, we understand how OODA decision loops can be used for plans and societal decisions. Chapter two addresses Mobility. It is a deep look into the devices that control our daily lives. It presents a holistic view of connectivity and the changes that need to be made.

Chapter three discusses the Metaverse and the risks that society is taking. Chapter four brings us back to basics. It teaches how to write in plain language and research important information. It brings a slew of support links to the table. Chapter five shows us the plan and promise of IoT. Everything is connected. Chapter six focuses on advanced robotics and how it is transforming humanity. What autonomous systems will we have to contend with in the future? Chapter seven is a powerful look into the intersection of biotechnology and AI. It is a combination of warning and future possibilities. Chapter eight is crucial to leveraging advanced technologies to enhance food production. Chapter nine presents a systems-dynamic view of humanitarian efforts. It introduces a balanced humanitarian technology security {BHTS} system. Chapter ten is a complex review of quantum computing limits, enhancements, applications, and core principles. It is not for the faint of heart. Chapter eleven asks the question: has social media worn out its welcome? It reveals the laws that protect us and censor us. It is a needed reality check. The ending chapter entitled Feed The Planet is a story to be heard. It envisions organizing hanging gardens in Africa that can produce food for millions of families. It is a beautiful vision that sums up our goals.

uk: вхід без авторизації


keywords:
Other warfare and defence issues
Disruptive innovation
Chemical and biological weapons

description:
Disruptive Technologies With Applications in Airline, Marine, Defense Industries is the authors fifth textbook in a series covering the world of Unmanned Vehicle Systems & Operations On Air, Sea, Land; Counter Unmanned Aircraft Systems Technologies and Operations; Unmanned Aircraft Systems in the Cyber Domain: Protecting USA’s Advanced Air Assets, 2nd edition; and Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) in the Cyber Domain Protecting USA's Advanced Air Assets, 1st edition; have seen considerable global recognition in the field. (Nichols R. K., et al., 2020) (Nichols R. , et al., 2020) (Nichols R. , et al., 2019) (Nichols R. K., 2018)

The authors have expanded their purview beyond UAS / CUAS / UUV systems which they have written extensively about in our previous four textbooks. Our new title shows our concern for the emergence of Disruptive Technologies and how they apply to the Airline, Marine and Defense industries.

There is a difference between emerging technology trends and disruptive ones. Emerging technologies are technologies whose development, practical applications, or both are still largely unrealized, such that they are figuratively emerging into prominence from a background of nonexistence or obscurity. Some sources say that emerging technologies are taking over the world by a storm and if misused, it could turn out to be our worst enemy.

Disruptive technology is one that displaces an established technology and shakes up the industry or a ground-breaking product that creates a completely new industry. (Rouse, 2021)

That is what our book is about. The authors think they have found technology trends that will replace the status quo or disrupt the conventional technology paradigms.

The authors have written some explosive chapters in their Book 5. Dr. Hans Mumm has written about the Advances in Automation & Human Machine Interface. Wayne Lonstein, JD has given the reader a solid look at Social Media as a Battleground in Information Warfare (IW). CEO Bart Shields has delivered a viable, less risky, more robust cyber-security alterative / replacement for the popular Blockchain Algorithm and a clean solution for Ransomware. Professor Randall K. Nichols has written about the Advanced Sensor Technologies that are used by UUVs for munitions characterization, assessment, and classification. He reports on their counter hostile use of UUVs against U.S. capital assets in the South China Seas. In a second chapter, Professor Nichols has challenged the status quo and debunked the climate change fraud with verifiable facts. In his third chapter, he explodes our minds with Nightmare Technologies that if they come to fruition may do more harm than good.

Dr. Mark Jackson has written authoritatively about Propulsion and Fuels: Disruptive Technologies for Submersible Craft Including UUVs. CEO Randall Mai has penned a chapter to Challenge the Ammunition Industry by Grassroots use of Recycled Metals. Captain John Paul Hood writes about the changing landscape of UAS regulations and drone privacy laws. 2021 will prove to be most challenging for owners and manufacturers of UAS. CEO & Dr. Suzanne Sincavage and Professor Candice Carter have teamed up to scare the pants off of us – especially during the COVID-19 pandemic – by detailing Bioterrorism Risks, Biodefense, Threat Agents and the need for advanced sensors to detect these attacks. Their chapter is truly a wake-up call.

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name: DISRUPTIVE TECHNOLOGIES WITH APPLICATIONS IN AIRLINE & MARINE AND DEFENSE INDUSTRIES


uk: Авіаційна та ракетно-космічна техніка

uk: Транспортні технології/Мореплавство

description:
Unmanned Aircraft Systems are an integral part of the US national critical infrastructure. The authors have endeavored to bring a breadth and quality of information to the reader that is unparalleled in the unclassified sphere. This textbook will fully immerse and engage the reader / student in the cyber-security considerations of this rapidly emerging technology that we know as unmanned aircraft systems (UAS). The first edition topics covered National Airspace (NAS) policy issues, information security (INFOSEC), UAS vulnerabilities in key systems (Sense and Avoid / SCADA), navigation and collision avoidance systems, stealth design, intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR) platforms; weapons systems security; electronic warfare considerations; data-links, jamming, operational vulnerabilities and still-emerging political scenarios that affect US military / commercial decisions.

This second edition discusses state-of-the-art technology issues facing US UAS designers. It focuses on counter unmanned aircraft systems (C-UAS) – especially research designed to mitigate and terminate threats by SWARMS. Topics include high-altitude platforms (HAPS) for wireless communications; C-UAS and large scale threats; acoustic countermeasures against SWARMS and building an Identify Friend or Foe (IFF) acoustic library; updates to the legal / regulatory landscape; UAS proliferation along the Chinese New Silk Road Sea / Land routes; and ethics in this new age of autonomous systems and artificial intelligence (AI).

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name: Unmanned Aircraft Systems in the Cyber Domain


keywords:
Music
Singing: techniques

de: Musik, Musikwissenschaft

uk: Музика, музикознавство

en: Music, Musicology

uk: Мистецтво, мистецтвознавство

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name: Vocal Techniques for the Instrumentalist


Jan-Hendrik Herbst

Technische Universität Dortmund

addressCountry: DE

addressLocality: Dortmund

addressRegion: North Rhine-Westphalia

keywords: Podcast Religionsbuch

de: Evangelische Theologie, -Religionslehre

uk: Протестантська теологія, протестантська релігійна освіта

en: Protestant Theology, Protestant Religious Education

de: Katholische Theologie, -Religionslehre

uk: Католицька теологія, католицька релігійна освіта

en: Catholic Theology, Catholic Religious Education

de: Evang. Theologie, -Religionslehre

de: Kath. Theologie, -Religionslehre

de: Geisteswissenschaften

uk: Гуманітарні науки

en: Humanities

description:
„Ich würde niemals mit Religionsbüchern arbeiten die schlecht sind.“ Über die Effizienz, Chancen und Grenzen beim Einsatz von Religionsbüchern.
Worauf kommt es an beim Einsatz von einem Medium? Welches Potenzial steckt dahinter? Auf den Inhalt und die Fachperspektive kommt es an. Neben vielen Qualitätskriterien ist es wichtig ein Profil in dem Buch zu entdecken. Es braucht eine gute Mischung und eine Perspektivenvielfalt. Wie wird mit dem Inhalt und Perspektivenvielfalt in Aufgaben gearbeitet? Am Beispiel Schöpfung wird die Baustelle der theologischen Fachperspektive verdeutlicht. Grundlage der Religionsbuchanalyse ist das religiondidaktische Modell der Elementarisierung.

@language: de

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name: Der Podcast zum Seminar “Glaube und Handeln” – Religionsbuchanalyse

cs: Zvukový záznam

de: Audio

fi: äänen tallennus

uk: Аудіозапис

en: Audio Recording

fr: Enregistrement Sonore

da: Lydoptagelse

nl: Geluidsopname

es: Grabación de Sonido


Principles of Macroeconomics (Lyryx)

keywords:
Macroeconomics
Financial Markets

de: Wirtschaftswissenschaften

uk: Бізнес та економіка

en: Business and Economics

uk: Право, економіка та суспільні науки

description:
Principles of Macroeconomics is an adaptation of the text, Macroeconomics: Theory, Markets, and Policy by D. Curtis and I. Irvine, and presents a complete and concise examination of introductory macroeconomics theory and policy suitable for a first introductory course. Examples are domestic and international in their subject matter and are of the modern era -- financial markets, monetary and fiscal policies aimed at inflation and debt control, globalization and the importance of trade flows in economic structure, and concerns about slow growth and the risk of deflation, are included. This text is intended for a one-semester course, and can be used in a two-semester sequence with the companion text, Principles of Microeconomics. The three introductory chapters are common to both books.
This edition has been revised and updated from the 2017 edition to cover Canadian economic performance and policy using the latest data and information to the second quarter of 2020. Par- ticular attention is given to updating the coverage of aggregate output, incomes, employment, unemployment and inflation, monetary policy and fiscal policy. This latest edition continues to discuss and explain macroeconomic events in terms of current theory, models and approaches to monetary and fiscal policy. Preliminary estimates of the economic impact of policies to contain the novel coronavirus including large changes in fiscal and monetary polices to moderate these impacts.

encodingFormat: application/pdf

type: MediaObject

encodingFormat: application/gzip

de: keine Anmeldung erforderlich

uk: вхід без авторизації

de: Lehrbuch


Principles of Microeconomics (Lyryx)

keywords:
Microeconomics
International Trade

uk: Бізнес та економіка

de: Rechts-, Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaften

uk: Право, економіка та суспільні науки

description:
Principles of Microeconomics is an adaptation of the text, Microeconomics: Markets, Methods, and Models by D. Curtis and I. Irvine, which provides concise yet complete coverage of introductory microeconomic theory, application and policy in a Canadian and global environment. This adaptation employs methods that use equations sparingly and do not utilize calculus. The key issues in most chapters are analyzed by introducing a numerical example or case study at the outset. Students are introduced immediately to the practice of taking a data set, examining it numerically, plotting it, and again analyzing the material in that form. The end-of-chapter problems involve numerical and graphical analysis, and a small number of problems in each chapter involve solving simple linear equations (intersecting straight lines). However, a sufficient number of questions is provided for the student to test understanding of the material without working through that subset of questions. This text is intended for a one-semester course, and can be used in a two-semester sequence with the companion text, Principles of Macroeconomics. The three introductory chapters are common to both books.
This edition has been revised and updated from the 2017 edition to cover the evolution of the Canadian micro-economy from both a technological and policy standpoint. The new edition also contains applications that are set in the context of the COVID-19 crisis.

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en: no login required

cs: Hodnocení

de: Lernkontrolle

fi: Oppimistarkastus

uk: Оцінювання

en: Assessment

fr: Évaluation

da: Evaluering

nl: Evaluatie

es: Evaluación


A tale of two dialect regions

de: Allgemeine und vergleichende Literatur- und Sprachwissenschaft

uk: Загальне та порівняльне літературознавство та мовознавство

en: General and Comparative Literary Studies and Linguistics

uk: Гуманітарні науки

description: This book traces the precise origin of the early English lexical and lexico-phonetic influences in Sranan, an English-based creole spoken in Suriname. Sranan contains "fossilised" linguistic remnants of an early English colonial period. The book discusses whether Sranan’s English influence(s) originated from a single dialect from the general London area, as proposed by Norval Smith in 1987, or whether we are dealing with a composite of dialectal features from all over England. The book introduces a novel replicable methodology for linguistic reconstructions, which combines statistics (in the form of binomial probability), English dialect geography (via use of Orton’s et. al., 1962–1971, Survey of English Dialects, which focuses on traditional regional English dialects across England and Wales), and 17th-century English migration history (compiled from The Complete Book of Emigrants: 1607–1660, The Bristol Registers of Servants Sent to Foreign Plantations, 1654–1686, Virtual Jamestown, Virginia Center for Digital History, and Colonial State Papers secured from the British History Online databases, among other relevant historical sources).

type: LearningResource Book

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en: Textbook


uk: Гуманітарні науки

description:
This book presents a new approach to studying the syntax of human language, one which emphasizes how we think about time. Tilsen argues that many current theories are unsatisfactory because those theories conceptualize syntactic patterns with spatially arranged structures of objects. These object-structures are atemporal and do not lend well to reasoning about time. The book develops an alternative conceptual model in which oscillatory systems of various types interact with each other through coupling forces, and in which the relative energies of those systems are organized in particular ways. Tilsen emphasizes that the two primary mechanisms of the approach – oscillators and energy levels – require alternative ways of thinking about time. Furthermore, his theory leads to a new way of thinking about grammaticality and the recursive nature of language. The theory is applied to a variety of syntactic phenomena: word order, phrase structure, morphosyntax, constituency, case systems, ellipsis, anaphora, and islands. The book also presents a general program for the study of language in which the construction of linguistic theories is itself an object of theoretical analysis.
Reviewed by John Goldsmith, Mark Gibson and an anonymous reviewer. Signed reports are openly available in the downloads session.

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name: Syntax with oscillators and energy levels


A grammar of Yuwan

uk: Гуманітарні науки

description: This grammar provides a synchronic grammatical description of Yuwan, a regional variety of Amami, a Northern Ryukyuan language in the Japonic language family. Yuwan is spoken by about a hundred people in a small community of Amami-Oshima island in Japan. The study is based on four hours of recordings of monologues and conversations among Yuwan speakers, complemented by targeted elicitation. The grammar is written in a typological framework. After a general introduction to the language, the grammar discusses the following topics: phonology, nominal phrases, verbal morphology, predicate phrases, particles, and subordinate clauses. Of special interest to linguists, typologists, and Ryukyuan specialists are the following in-depth analyses and descriptions: animacy hierarchy in NPs, singular use of plural markers, grammaticalization of a non-finite verb to a case particle, rich morphophonological alternations in verbs and some particles, finite use of subordinate clauses (so-called “insubordination”), and a restriction on the co-occurrence of some focus particles and verbal inflections (so-called “Kakari-musubi” in Japanese linguistics). This study provides a starting point of comparison for further studies on other Ryukyuan varieties.

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Phonetic sciences

uk: Гуманітарні науки

description: The ability to acquire a language is unique to man: through amniotic fluid, the fetus is imbued with verbal sounds and the rhythm of the mother tongue, which it perceives and already distinguishes from other languages . Communication through speech is of interest to linguists, ENT doctors, speech therapists, language teachers, singers or psychoacousticians. Research in this area has evolved and today it is based on new technologies (brain imaging, computer tools, etc.). Phonetics now concerns all scientists whose area of interest is spoken communication, its nature and how it works. Jacqueline Vaissière briefly presents all the fields of this discipline, with a historical dimension and offers a summary of the research results. This version is an augmented version adapted to English-speaking readers of Que-Sais-Je? La phonétique, published in French, Arabic and Japanese.

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Afro-Iberian languages

uk: Гуманітарні науки

description: This book introduces several Afro-Iberian languages and varieties created by Africans or their descendants in the Americas and Africa. It is a multilingual handbook that can be used by scholars teaching introductory courses on linguistic contact and creole languages in Brazil, other parts of Latin America, Angola, Mozambique, São Tomé and Príncipe, Guiné-Bissau, Cape Verde, Equatorial Guinea, and the US. The chapters will include a sociohistorical overview of the variety's formation, its main linguistic features, its current sociolinguistic situation, language planning and policy, and a final discussion on the variety’s future projection. This is an innovative project because it connects scholarship on Spanish and Portuguese contact languages.

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uk: Гуманітарні науки

description: Multilingualism is the normal condition for contemporary as well as historical human societies. However, European nation-state building has led to a strong “monolingual habitus” that constructs a community of monolingual speakers as bearers of a nation. This erases or exoticises multilinguistic practices and excludes multilingual speakers. The effects of this exclusion are visible in the public discourse on multilingual speakers, where we find a widespread “Othering” of multilingual speakers, understood as constructing them as members of a social and linguistic out-group. Such Othering is not restricted to public discourse but is also found in our own practice as professionals working in linguistics and related fields. In the volume, we take a close look at Othering practices not only in the public discussion and educational practice, but also in academia, with a focus on linguistics. We provide critical reflection of common practices in our own field, and discuss the implications and challenges of this for our research. Chapters will address conceptual framing and labelling, methodology, and research bias in a broad spectrum of approaches. They will discuss the social context of Othering in linguistics, labelling practises in linguistic publications and the construction of multilinguals as Others in linguistic subdisciplines such as heritage language research, descriptive and documentary linguistics, second language acquisition, language teaching, and outreach activities.

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name: The construction of multilinguals as Others


Exploring supralocalisation processes

uk: Гуманітарні науки

description: The current volume focuses on supralocalisation processes in a variety of European languages during the Early Modern period. Supralocalisation may be described as a process whereby local linguistic variants become less geographically bound and take on superregional functions. An investigation of this process during the Early Modern period is particularly fruitful as many European languages were undergoing standardisation processes in their written form at the time, seeing a reduction of linguistic variation and the emergence of supralocal forms on different linguistic levels. At the same time, an increase in literacy levels, as well as social and textual mobility, can be observed. Through case studies of supralocalisation processes from various languages that are characterised by different socio-political histories, and a comparative analysis of the factors involved, the current volume aims to contribute to a better understanding of supralocalisation processes during a key period of language standardisation.

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French schwa

uk: Гуманітарні науки

description: Since long, schwa is, together with liaison, a widely discussed phenomenon in French phonology. What singles this French vowel out is that it does not constitute a schwa in the narrow sense, neither phonetically, in the sense of not being acoustically “neutral”, nor phonologically, in the sense of being target for, and not the result of, a reduction process. Rather, being broadly defined as a phonetically mid, front rounded vowel that alternates with zero, its many-faceted nature has aspects best explained with reference to phonetics, morphology, lexicon, and orthography. In addition, its alternation, as well as its temporal and spectral characteristics, have proven subject to regional, social, stylistic, situational, and medial variation. Whereas the study of large spoken corpora in the last decades has completely revised the analysis of French liaison, an overall, data-driven debate on how to formally account for the rich complexity observed for French schwa is still a desideratum. The present volume aims to contribute to filling this lacuna by introducing new analyses of schwa on the basis of studies of large data samples from a variety of recently collected corpora of spoken French.

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A grammar of Sherbro

uk: Гуманітарні науки

description: This is the first modern grammar and dictionary of Sherbro, an endangered Mel language spoken by ca. 50,000 people in Sierra Leone. The language faces significant pressure being abandoned in favor of the lingua francas Mende, Themne, Krio, and English. The previous grammar, while competently done, was written in 1921 as a handbook for missionaries. The autonym for the language is Bolom; however, speakers of the language while speaking Krio or English use “Sherbro” to refer to themselves and their language, so that practice is followed here. The grammar and dictionary are based on field data collected as part of a four-year research project (2016-2020), “Documenting the Sherbro Language and Culture,” funded by the Hans Rausing Endangered Languages Documentation Programme. An archive of the project is permanently housed by the Endangered Languages Archive (ELAR), www.elar-archive.org including the FLEx database, more than 30 glossed transcriptions and more than 150 recordings. This book is intended as a resource for linguists and Sherbro speakers, learners, and educators.

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Rarities in phonetics and phonology

uk: Гуманітарні науки

description:
Rare phenomena play a key role in forming and challenging linguistic theory. This volume presents multi-faceted analyses of rarities in phonetics and phonology, from a wide variety of theoretical standpoints. Some contributions to the volume analyse language-specific rare features, placing them in a broader cross-linguistic context and looking at a sum of their phonological, phonetic, and evolutionary properties, at times also making connections to sociolinguistic factors. Others consider the same (or similar) phenomena from different analytical angles, with extensive cross-referencing, or take a broad analytical or typological stance towards rare phenomena and discuss what it means to be rare.
The volume provides a nuanced picture of phonetic and phonological rarities in genealogically diverse languages, mostly lesser-studied, from around the globe. Authors were encouraged to attempt to strike a middle ground between radical exoticisation of the rarities at hand (describing them in idiosyncratic terms) and radical normalisation (underplaying the rarity of the phenomena at hand). Highly theory-specific or technical terminology is avoided or explained carefully, in order to make the book maximally accessible for a wide typologically-minded audience.

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Handbook of clausal embedding

uk: Гуманітарні науки

description:
The fact that we can embed one clause within another, as in this very sentence, is a curious property of human language. On the one hand, clauses express complete thoughts and can be used to perform separate speech acts; on the other, they can be constituents of such thoughts and contribute to their formation. In this way, they are the prime example of recursivity, which is discussed as one of the distinctive features of the human language faculty.
This Handbook of Clausal Embedding aims to introduce and familiarize readers with current research on clausal subordination. It attempts to cover all aspects of embedding configurations -- their formal syntactic and morphological markings, their effects on prosody, their semantics, their pragmatics as well as their relation to discourse phenomena. It also discusses clausal embedding in language acquisition and its importance for our understanding of the mind of others, exploring, moreover, its diachronic development and realization across a broad spectrum of linguistic systems. In this, the topic of clausal embedding is relevant for many subdisciplines of linguistics, and it is important for all linguistic frameworks. We as editors, and our authors, have tried to concentrate on the central aspects of their respective subtopics, and make them accessible to students and researchers in linguistics and adjacent fields, like, among others, psycholinguistics and cognitive science. We thought it prudent to have a rather comprehensive notion of clausal embedding that encompasses what might be considered borderline cases. We understand clausal embedding as comprising configurations in which one or more clauses, or expressions that have clause-like denotations like infinitive constructions or deverbal nominalizations, are hosted within another clause or expression with a clause-like denotation. This covers argument clauses, adjunct clauses, and relative clauses. We included coordinated clauses and parenthetical clauses, as they also may constitute parts of larger clauses. Furthermore, we discussed the presence of embedding within discourse, which further contributes to our understanding of the intricate and overarching nature of clausal organization within language. This handbook has a long gestation time. The plan originated from the research program of the Zentrum für Allgemeine Sprachwissenschaft, ZAS. Before ZAS became a member institution of the Leibniz Association in 2017, it received funding for research on Embedding, linking and constituent boundaries in spoken language, grammar and discourse, starting in 2008 and funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research, Germany and the Senate of Berlin. The research interest on the role of clauses in communication, and their embedding, continued with the project SPAGAD: Speech Acts in Language and Discourse, funded under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under agreement No 787929. We thank these institutions for their financial support.

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(Dia)Lects in the 21st Century

uk: Гуманітарні науки

description:
This book offers an in-depth exploration of contemporary issues and methodologies in the fields of dialectology and sociolinguistics. Readers will find a diverse collection of studies that examine how language varies and changes across different regions, communities, and social contexts. The book covers a wide range of languages, including German, English, Yiddish, Russian, and Japanese, providing a global perspective on linguistic diversity.
Key themes include the use of modern data sources, such as social media, to study language patterns and the impact of digital communication on regional dialects. The book also addresses the dynamics of language contact in expatriate communities, revealing how speakers adapt and merge linguistic features from different dialects.
Several chapters focus on the evolution of dialectological research, offering critiques and new approaches to studying regional language variations. Readers will also encounter innovative methods, such as cognitive geography, which uses mental representations of space to understand dialect variation, and tone distance measures, which are crucial for studying tonal languages.
Additionally, the book presents case studies on how non-experts perceive and categorize dialects, providing insights into the public's understanding of linguistic diversity. It also tackles challenges in selecting dialect speakers for research, especially in urban environments, where traditional criteria may no longer apply.
Overall, this book is a valuable resource for linguists, researchers, and anyone interested in the complex and ever-changing landscape of human language. It highlights the importance of adapting research methods to keep pace with the evolving nature of language and offers fresh perspectives on how we study and understand dialects and language variation.

uk: вхід без авторизації


uk: Гуманітарні науки

description:
En esta obra, se describe la gramática de la lengua kiliwa (kʷli:w [kúlèèw]) un idioma yumano de la etnia kiliwa, en el interior del Municipio de Ensenada, Baja California Norte, lengua gravemente amenazada por la extinción. Los temas incluyen: la fonología (fonemas, regidos por reglas en su representación fonética, la estructura silábica) la morfología (las categorías de los sustantivos y los verbos, la pasivización por medio de la metafonía (ablaut) vocálica del verbo, la concordancia del verbo con el número del sujeto; en el predicado, la metafonía (o ablaut) consonántica “simbólica” de la última consonante del radical para expresar el tamaño del sujeto u objeto, o la intensidad de la acción, la selección del prefijo pronominal, la formación de la palabra); la sintaxis (el verbo al final de su cláusula, tres géneros de la configuración del objeto “disfrazados,” pero revelados en las construcciones posesivas perifrásticas que involucran los verbos de colocación (acostar algo largo, parar algo largo, poner algo redondo o amorfo.). La continuidad del sujeto (SR), involucra un sufijo, -t en el último predicado de la cláusula, mientras que una, -m indica el cambio del sujeto. Hay dos verbos auxiliares que siguen al verbo principal; el Aux1 consiste de verbos de posición: sentar, parar, acostar; mientras que los del Aux2 son “Verbs de Comportamiento:” ser, decir, hacer. El Aux1, con o sin el Aux2, puede expresar un aspecto progresivo, si el Aux2 ocurre sólo, eso indica una interpretación perfectiva. Durante una narración, junto con los sufijos de seguimiento de la continuidad del sujeto. Los auxiliares tienen un papel importante en seguir la continuidad del predicado además de la del sujeto. El Aux2 de la siguiente cláusula se puede avanzar para unirse con el Aux2 al final de la cláusula anterior sobre el sufijo de seguimiento del sujeto (SR), e.g., Aux2=SR=Aux2. Este sistema es capaz de ayudar tanto al narrador como a su público en seguir el hilo de la narración.)
This work describes the grammar of Kiliwa(kʷli:w [kúlèèw]) a highly-endangered, Yuman language spoken in the Comunidad kiliwa, in the interior of the Municipio (County) de Ensenada, Baja California Norte. Topics include: phonology (phonemes, their rule-governed phonetic representation, syllable structure) morphology (noun and verb classes, verbal ablaut for passivization, subject-verb number agreement, root-final “symbolic” consonantal ablaut for subject or object size and/or verb intensity, pronominal prefix selection, word formation); syntax (verb-final sentence order, three “disguised," nominal shape-genders as revealed only in periphrastic possessive constructions involving transitive verbs of placement (lay a long object, stand a long object, set a round or amorphous object.) Switch-Reference (SR), involves a -t suffix on the last predicate of a clause, while -m indicates a change in subject. Two auxiliary verbs may follow the verb; Aux1 consists of verbs of position: sit, stand, lie; while Aux2 verbs are "Behavioral Verbs:" be, say, do. AUX1 with or without Aux2, can express the progressive aspect, while Aux2 occurring alone indicates a perfective reading. In narrative discourse, together with the Switch-Reference (SR) suffixes (-t ’same subject;’ -m ‘different subject’), the auxiliaries play an important role in tracking predicate continuity along with that of the subject. The Aux2 of a following clause can be fronted to join the clause-final Aux2 of the prior clause over its SR suffix, e.g., Aux2=SR=Aux2. This system may help both the audience and the narrator to follow the story.

uk: вхід без авторизації

name: Gramática de la lengua kiliwa de la Baja California Norte


Syntax, semantics, and the lexicon

uk: Гуманітарні науки

description:
This book is dedicated to Ilse Zimmermann, who was a pioneer of Generative Grammar in Germany and made important contributions to the analysis of German and Slavic languages. It contains original articles by Zimmermann as well as newly written papers inspired by her work. Zimmermann's original articles cover a wide range of topics over a long period of research – the earliest dating from 1983 – and they make it clear that issues that are highly topical today have long been the subject of linguistic research. The newly written papers are closely related to Zimmermann's topics ranging from DP structure, verbal inflection and reciprocity to the modification of causative verbs, all from a Slavic perspective. They are rounded off by a contribution highlighting the leading role played by the Strukturelle Grammatik research group, of which Zimmermann was a member, in the development of linguistics in Germany.
Dieses Buch ist Ilse Zimmermann gewidmet, die eine Pionierin der Generativen Grammatik in Deutschland war und wichtige Beiträge zur Analyse des Deutschen und der slawischen Sprachen geleistet hat. Es enthält sowohl Originalartikel von Zimmermann als auch neu verfasste Beiträge, die durch ihre Arbeit inspiriert wurden. Zimmermanns Originalartikel decken ein breites Spektrum von Themen in einem langen Forschungszeitraum ab – der früheste datiert aus dem Jahr 1983 – und sie machen deutlich, dass Fragen, die heute hochaktuell sind, schon lange Gegenstand der linguistischen Forschung sind. Die neu verfassten Kapitel stehen in engem Zusammenhang mit Zimmermanns Themen. Sie reichen von der DP-Struktur über verbale Flexion und Reziprozität bis hin zur Modifikation kausativer Verben, alles aus slawischer Perspektive. Abgerundet werden sie durch einen Beitrag, der die führende Rolle der Forschungsgruppe Strukturelle Grammatik, deren Mitglied Zimmermann war, für die Entwicklung der Linguistik in Deutschland hervorhebt.

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Foundations of language contact

uk: Гуманітарні науки

description:
This volume analyzes the social foundations of language contact from a typological perspective. The chapters describe 13 contact situations across the world, focusing on contact between pairs of communities that speak unrelated languages. Many of the situations concern current or recent contact, but some focus on historical contact.
The general introduction of the volume presents the wider context of the volume, its methodology, and discusses pertinent issues emerging in research on the social foundations of language contact, such as data sensitivity. The contact situations in the individual chapters are described with a unified methodology that probes language contact in six social domains, namely, trade, family and kin, local community, labour, knowledge, and social exchange. The individual chapters describe the sociolinguistic and sociohistorical aspects of the language contact situations, written by descriptive linguists, sociolinguists, or anthropologists who are specialists on the contact situations. Together, the chapters document the social foundations of contact in the selected multilingual situations, of which many involve minority languages, and provide a model for further research in this field.
The book is mainly intended for sociolinguists, experts on multilingualism, historical linguists, (linguistic) anthropologists, and typologists as well as researchers interested in language contact in general. Our hope is that this volume will foster more research on describing and reconstructing the sociolinguistic settings of contact situations, in collaboration with linguists, historians, anthropologists, and researchers in other related fields.

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West meets East

uk: Гуманітарні науки

description:
Lexicography, in its many forms, is a very old, practical discipline solving practical problems concerning word usage. The term “word” seems more appropriate than “language” in this context, as lexicography addresses more questions relating to what we now call lexicology. As with all areas of human endeavour, what developed gradually through trial and error has eventually been subjected to a theoretical framework. The role of historical lexicography is to look back on the development of these highly varied word lists to understand how we arrived at the tremendous variety that characterises practice throughout the world.
This volume is both a selection of expanded papers from one conference on historical lexicography and lexicology, held under the aegis of the International Society for Historical Lexicography and Lexicology (ISHLL) in Lorient, France, in May 2022, and also the first in a new book series dedicated to the field. The new series represents a collaboration between two sister associations, ISHLL and the Helsinki Society for Historical Lexicography (HSHL). The volume contains texts in both English and French that provide insights into dictionaries, their compilers and users using evidence from numerous languages across the globe. It is also diachronic, moving from topics on medieval usage to contemporary issues concerning open access and digital publishing in historical lexicography. The title reflects the global scope of its authors and content, encompassing Japan to the United States, Eastern Europe to the United Kingdom, and Portugal.

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keywords:
Language contact
Caucasus
Tsova-Tush
Georgian
Nakh languages

uk: Гуманітарні науки

description:
Tsova-Tush is an East Caucasian language spoken in one single village in Eastern Georgia by approximately 300 speakers. Since its early description, scholars have been intrigued by the high degree of linguistic influence from the Georgian language. This book has a threefold goal: (1) To contribute to the overall description of the Tsova-Tush language, by filling gaps in the previous literature in absence of a reference grammar. (2) To contrast Tsova-Tush constructions with functionally equivalent constructions in Chechen and Ingush, its closest relatives, and with Georgian, the language of wider communication which all Tsova-Tush speakers speak as a second language, in order to form hypotheses concerning which Tsova-Tush construction is inherited, and which has arisen under influence of Georgian. (3) To provide the most probable diachronic scenario of language contact, by looking at historical Tsova-Tush language data, as well as at its historical sociolinguistics.
This book provides a basic description of Tsova-Tush, in particular in the domain of spatial cases (which exhibit a two-slot system similar to Daghestanian languages), TAME categories (indentifying a Iamitive and a Past Subjunctive developing indirect evidential semantics), complex verbs, and subordination and clause-chaining (which in Tsova-Tush is finite).
In terms of language contact, this book concludes that (1) Tsova-Tush conforms to most established borrowing hierarchies and theories surrounding intensity of contact, except for the borrowing of a verbal inflection marker in a remarkably early stage of contact; (2) The Georgian influence that Tsova-Tush shows in sources from the 1850 suggest that a notable increase in bilingualism occured already at a point where there was little institutional or numeral dominance of surrounding the Georgian-language population. A change in ethnic self-identification can be the underlying factor for the early instances of contact-induced change.

uk: вхід без авторизації

name: Intensive language contact in the Caucasus


uk: Гуманітарні науки

description:
The Bantu language family is spread over a large area of Africa, stretching from Cameroon to Kenya to South Africa, and comprises an estimated 555 languages. The languages show a large amount of small-scale variation while at the same time forming part of one relatively uniform family within Niger-Congo. Interestingly, the morphosyntax of these languages has been observed to be heavily influenced by information structure. Studying the expression of information structure in Bantu is therefore of great importance not only for developing cognitive models of the role of information structure in language, but also for understanding the basic grammatical structure of the Bantu languages themselves. Before modelling the interaction between syntax and information structure in Bantu, however, a thorough empirical description of the expression of information structure in Bantu should be available. That description is what this book aims to provide.
This book follows from a systematic investigation of information structure in the languages of the BaSIS research project (Bantu Syntax and Information Structure). The data come from original field research conducted using the BaSIS methodology, which was specifically developed to investigate the expression of information structure in Bantu. The book contains a comprehensive introduction chapter which explains the main terms and issues in the field of information structure, the methodology employed in the project, and common structures which characterise topic and focus expression in Bantu. The introduction is then followed by eight chapters which each give detailed descriptive overviews of the expression of information structure in a different Bantu language, namely Tunen (Guthrie classification A44, Cameroon), Teke-Kukuya (B77, Congo), Kîîtharaka (E54, Kenya), Kirundi (JD62, Burundi), Rukiga (JE14, Uganda), Kinyakyusa (M31, Tanzania), Makhuwa-Enahara (P31, Mozambique), and Cicopi (S61, Mozambique).
Taken together, the book provides detailed information on the expression of information structure in the Bantu family. It is intended both to inform future theoretical work and to provide a methodology and model for the investigation of information structure that can be used in studies of other languages.

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name: The  expression of information structure in Bantu


Digitale Translatologie

keywords: translation digitality

uk: Гуманітарні науки

description: Digitale Themen in der Translatologie betreffen inzwischen nicht mehr nur Tools zur computergestützten Übersetzung oder maschinelle Übersetzungssysteme. Digitalität durchzieht inzwischen fast alle Bereiche der Translation, manche stärker, manche am Rande. Der vorliegende Band versucht, möglichst breit die Themenfelder abzubilden, in denen Digitalität inzwischen nicht nur eine marginale Rolle spielt.

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uk: Гуманітарні науки

description: North American Norwegian (NAmNo) is a diasporic heritage variety of Norwegian spoken primarily in the Upper Midwest of the United States. NAmNo has been in use since the mid-19th century, but it is now moribund. This volume serves as a synopsis of previous research focusing on the syntax of this language while also expanding upon these findings in key domains. Beyond the rich empirical description of facets of North American Norwegian syntax, the chapters in this volume also contribute to theory-building efforts from a Minimalist perspective. Kari Kinn and Michael T. Putnam begin the volume introducing the language and the theoretical preliminaries of aspects of the Minimalist Program found throughout the volume. The introductory chapter is followed by a detailed history of the emigration and language during the settlement period by Arnstein Hjelde. Brita Ramsevik Riksem and Mari Nygård explore the intricacies of agreement in determiner phrases, while Yvonne van Baal investigates its properties of definiteness. Kari Kinn rounds out the contributions on aspects of determiner phrases by taking a closer look at how possession is licensed in these structures. Shifting focus to the verbal and clausal domains, Kristin Eide’s chapter addresses the syntactic reflexes of tense, modality, and aspect in NAmNo. The structure of non-finite clauses is the theme of Michael T. Putnam and Åshild Søfteland’s contribution, which is followed up by Merete Anderssen, Helene R. Jensberg, Terje Lohndal, Björn Lundquist, and Marit Westergaard’s treatment of verb second (V2) word and finite verb placement. Ida Larsson and Kari Kinn analyze argument placement in NAmNo, focusing particularly on subject shift, object shift, and verb particles. Michael T. Putnam and Kari Kinn conclude the volume with an epilogue, highlighting the key empirical and theoretical findings of these contributions as well as charting a course for future research on the syntax of NAmNo. In summary, this volume is the first of its kind whose mission is not only to simultaneously summarize previous and ongoing research on the syntax of NAmNo, but to also demonstrate the important role heritage language syntax contributes to our understanding of the acquisition, attrition, change, and maintenance of heritage language syntax.

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name: A reference guide to the syntax of North American Norwegian


uk: Гуманітарні науки

description: This collective volume investigates linguistic dynamics in language contact, focusing on heritage speakers. The chapters provide new insights into the role of speaker repertoires and the distinction between contact-induced change and language-internal variation by reporting on corpus-linguistic studies across different communicative situations in heritage and majority languages. Conducted in the context of the DFG Research Unit “Emerging Grammars in Language Contact Situations” (FOR 2537), the studies focus on bilingual adolescent and adult speakers of German, Greek, Russian and Turkish as heritage languages, and of English and German as majority languages, and on monolingually raised adolescent and adult speakers of all five languages. Crucially, they are not restricted to standard language, but target broader speaker repertoires that cover informal as well as formal settings in both spoken and written modes. The contributions are united by their positive perspective on language contact and multilingual speakers, a comparative approach across several heritage and majority languages, and a shared methodology that captures variation within repertoires for both heritage speakers and monolinguals. The chapters take various theoretical standpoints, highlighting different facets of the data as well as its potential for enhancing our understanding of language contact and language variation.

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name: Linguistic dynamics in heritage speakers


uk: Гуманітарні науки

description: The book Universality of semantic frames and language specific Bulgarian data is devoted to the principles of data organisation in the Bulgarian FrameNet, which has been in development for more than 20 years and has gone through various phases. Originally it was developed as an independent resource, but for about fifteen years it has been correlated with the Berkeley FrameNet, observing the following basic principles: The information in the FrameNet that is relevant for the description of Bulgarian is considered language-independent (e.g. definition of frames and relations between them, definitions of frames and elements and relations between them, etc.) and is automatically transferred into a structure called a superframe. For each superframe, there may be one or more Bulgarian frames in which the language-independent information is restructured, if necessary, so that it corresponds exactly to the description for the Bulgarian language. The Bulgarian verbs of communication, change, movement, contact and emotion are described in more detail, their subclasses are delineated and the similarities and differences in the semantic and syntactic description for Bulgarian and English are compared and discussed. It is shown how the semantic frames can be used in an experiment to assess children's mastery of semantic conceptualisation and syntactic use of verbs from their basic vocabulary. These and a number of other applications: automatic assignment of semantic roles, automatic recognition of events in news, automatic recognition of scenes in images and videos are some of the applications in which the Bulgarian FrameNet can be used. In addition, the semantic and syntactic information in the Bulgarian FrameNet can be used for theoretical considerations, including comparative studies focussing on the modern state of the Bulgarian language and other languages for which a FrameNet has been developed.

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uk: Гуманітарні науки

description:
Die Arbeit untersucht den Einfluss der metapragmatischen Bewertung von Genitiv und Dativ auf die Nutzung der Kasus in Präpositionalphrasen. Die Variation zwischen Genitiv- und Dativrektion betrifft insbesondere Präpositionen, die noch nicht vollständig grammatikalisiert sind.  Daher wurde das Phänomen bisher vor allem aus grammatikalisierungstheoretischer Sicht betrachtet.  Dies greift jedoch zu kurz – vielmehr hat die metapragmatische Bewertung der Kasus entscheidenden Einfluss auf die Kasuswahl. Genitiv und Dativ werden von SprecherInnen sehr unterschiedlich bewertet: Der Genitiv gilt als Prestigekasus, der Dativ wird mit geringer Bildung und Umgangssprachlichkeit verbunden.
Die Arbeit untersucht daher einerseits Sprachideologien zu Dativ und Genitiv genauer und andererseits den Einfluss der metapragmatischen Bewertung auf die Kasuswahl.  Hierfür wurden exemplarisch die ursprünglichen Genitivpräpositionen wegen und während sowie die ursprünglichen  Dativpräpositionen dank und gegenüber untersucht.  Zusätzlich wurde die Primärpräposition seit in die Studie aufgenommen. Die metagpragmatische Bewertung der Kasus wurde mitihlfe eines Akzeptabilitätstest und Abfragen freier Assoziationen untersucht, der Einfluss auf die Kasuswahl mithilfe von Produktionsdaten. An der umfangreichen Onlinestudie nahmen 400 Muttersprachler:innen des Deutschen teil.  Die Arbeit ist damit die erste, die die metapragmatische Bewertung von Genitiv und Dativ in den Mittelpunkt stellt, systematisch erhebt und im Rahmen der Sprachideologieforschung diskutiert.
In der Studie zeigt sich deutlich, dass den untersuchten Rektionsvarianten eine ganze Reihe unterschiedlicher indexikalischer Bedeutungen zugeschrieben werden:  Der Genitiv wird als formell angesehen und steht für hohe Bildung, gute Sprachkenntnisse, Arroganz, Professionalität und Verkrampftheit. Der Dativ gilt als informell und steht für geringe Bildung, mangelnde Sprachkenntnisse und Schlampigkeit. Die im Fragebogen erhobenen Produktionsdaten verdeutlichen den Einfluss dieser metapragmatischen Bewertungen und bestätigen das mangelnde Erklärungspotenzial der Grammatikalisierungstheorie: Sowohl bei ursprünglichen Genitiv- als auch bei ursprünglichen Dativpräpositionen lässt sich eine Tendenz zum Genitiv erkennen, insbesondere im formell gehaltenen Produktionsteil.  Diese Ergebnisse sprechen dafür, dass die Variation der präpositionalen Rektion in hohem Maße von der metapragmatischen Bewertung der Kasus beeinflusst wird und die Varianten entsprechend ihrer sozialen Bedeutung genutzt werden.
Der Preis der gebundenen Ausgabe ist in Deutschland auf 45,00€ festgesetzt.

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name: Bewertung und Variation der Präpositionalkasus im Deutschen


Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar

uk: Гуманітарні науки

description:
Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar (HPSG) is a constraint-based or declarative approach to linguistic knowledge, which analyses all descriptive levels (phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, pragmatics) with feature value pairs, structure sharing, and relational constraints. In syntax it assumes that expressions have a single relatively simple constituent structure. This volume provides a state-of-the-art introduction to the framework. Various chapters discuss basic assumptions and formal foundations, describe the evolution of the framework, and go into the details of the main syntactic phenomena. Further chapters are devoted to non-syntactic levels of description. The book also considers related fields and research areas (gesture, sign languages, computational linguistics) and includes chapters comparing HPSG with other frameworks (Lexical Functional Grammar, Categorial Grammar, Construction Grammar, Dependency Grammar, and Minimalism).
This book is a new edition of http://langsci-press.org/catalog/book/259

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Speaking the map

uk: Гуманітарні науки

description:
This collection of fourteen texts in Komnzo offers an insight into the language and culture of the Farem people, their storytelling tradition, oral history, mythology and everyday life. It contains stories from nine narrators, which were transcribed, translated and analysed by the researcher with the help of the Komnzo language committee. All texts are presented in a parallel text version arranged in columns (Komnzo/English) and in an interlinearised and glossed version. The book focuses thematically on landscape, place names and locality. It includes a description and analysis of the way Komnzo speakers conceptualise this semantic domain.
This publication is complemented by a dataset available from https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14267762

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uk: Гуманітарні науки

description:
Advances in Formal Slavic Linguistics 2022 brings together a collection of 22 articles originating as talks presented at the 15th Formal Description of Slavic Languages conference (FDSL 15) held in Berlin on 5–7 October, 2022. The contributions cover a broad spectrum of topics, including clitics, nominalizations, l-participles, the dual, verbal prefixes, assibilation, verbal and adjectival morphology, lexical stress, vowel reduction, focus particles, aspect, multiple wh-fronting, definiteness, polar questions, negation words, and argument structure in such languages as BCMS, Bulgarian, Czech, Macedonian, Polish, Russian, Slovenian, Ukrainian, and Upper Sorbian.
The wide range of topics explored in this volume underscores the diversity and complexity of Slavic languages. The contributions not only advance our understanding of languages belonging to the Slavic group but also offer fresh perspectives for linguistics more broadly.

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uk: Гуманітарні науки

description:
This volume presents studies on aspects of teacher education that prepare teachers for working in linguistically diverse classrooms and schools in five Nordic countries; Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden. This twin focus (teacher education in linguistically diverse contexts; and Nordic perspectives) makes the volume unique in its field, and contributes to international discussions on how teacher education can prepare preservice and in-service teachers for working with linguistically diverse student groups.
The volume includes contributions on:

Teacher education policies

Teacher educators’ perspectives on teacher education

Pre-service teacher perspectives on teacher education.

The ways in which teacher education prepares educators for working with newcomers and multilingual students has attracted considerable attention in recent years. This reflects the increasingly linguistically diverse nature of classrooms that teachers around the world meet, that is in turn, a direct result of intensified globalisation and transnational migration. Clearly, teacher education is crucial for successful implementation of educational provisions for multilingual students. Teacher knowledge, gained partly through teacher education, plays a central role in creating educational environments where multilingual students can thrive.
This volume focuses specifically on teacher education in a Nordic context, a region traditionally associated with progressive approaches in education based on principles of inclusivity, social justice and equal opportunity. In the twenty-first century, most Nordic countries have experienced increasing levels of migration. While neither multilingualism nor transnational migration are new phenomena in the region, geographical and social factors, as well as the ways humans communicate have helped make multilingualism more visible in the twenty-first century. Schools in the Nordic countries have had to act quickly and think flexibly to meet the needs of an increasingly linguistically and culturally heterogenous group of students. The ability of the Nordic countries to provide these students with “inclusive, equal education and a fair chance to start a new life” constitutes in some ways the ultimate test of the “Nordic model” of education. Investigating how this challenge is addressed in different forms of teacher education is the topic to which this volume turns its attention.

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name: Teacher education for working in linguistically diverse classrooms


uk: Гуманітарні науки

description: This book showcases the latest research from the world’s leading experts on Celtic linguistics. The 15 chapters span a variety of linguistic subdisciplines as well as theoretical and methodological perspectives. Together, these articles highlight critical aspects of contemporary inquiry into the linguistic systems of Breton, Cornish, Irish, Manx, Scottish Gaelic, Welsh and their ancestor languages. The volume is organized around four key sub-areas: (1) Syntax and Semantics, (2) Phonology and Phonetics, (3) Language Change, Historical Linguistics and Grammaticalization, and (4) Sociolinguistics and Language Documentation. The volume's papers offer detailed investigations of current theoretical issues in Celtic syntax, semantics, phonology, and phonetics, as well as of language policy and ideology, language weaponization, and diachronic and synchronic language change. These state-of-the-art contributions represent the impressive diversity of the field of Celtic linguistics and emphasize the wide body of work being conducted in the language communities of the six Celtic nations.

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name: Foundational approaches to Celtic linguistics


Fillers

uk: Гуманітарні науки

description:
Fillers are non-silent linguistic devices used in disfluencies to gain time while searching for words. In addition, they are frequently used intentionally to avoid words for reasons of politeness, ‘conspirational’ motivations, or rhetorical purposes. Two syntactically distinct types of conventionalized fillers can be distinguished: placeholders and hesitatives (also called hesitators). Placeholders are referential and morphosyntactically integrated, while hesitatives are neither. Strikingly, even though fillers are cross-linguistically widespread, dedicated studies of such items in particular languages are still largely lacking.
This collective volume comprises in-depth descriptions of conventionalized fillers in a substantial variety of languages from Eurasia, Papunesia, Australia, and the Americas, hoping to stimulate typological research on fillers, both hesitatives and placeholders. The book aims to contribute to a better visibility of the topic among general linguists, to make data and analyses accessible that will be useful for further typological studies on the topic, and to provide models for descriptive linguists.
The introductory chapter discusses issues emerging from the previous literature and offers a new typology of fillers. It also highlights the major findings of the eleven remaining chapters. Each of these contains a detailed and typologically informed analysis of fillers in one or several underdescribed languages, based on corpora of natural speech and focusing on lexical fillers rather than on phenomena below the word-level (phonetic lengthening, truncation) or above the word-level (such as idioms and discourse markers like ‘you know’, or rhetorical questions like ‘what’s the word for that?’). The chapters cover a large amount of diversity, both in terms of languages and with respect to the type of filler. They focus on (i) the criteria for identification of the various types of fillers and the terminology used, keeping in mind that the domain is still largely under construction, (ii) a detailed analysis in terms of morphosyntactic distribution and, if possible, (iii) frequency in speech, and (iv) some reflection on the diachronic development of these disfluency markers.

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uk: Гуманітарні науки

description: With the exception of English and its varieties, all Present-Day Germanic languages display some kind of verb-second (V2) rule, according to which the finite verbal form has to be put in the second position of the clause in declarative utterances. But even within the Germanic domain, the exact contours of the V2 rule vary strongly in time and space. Above all, the so-called bottleneck demanding that one and only one constituent be placed before the finite verb is not equally respected in all Germanic varieties. The typology of V2 violations, apparent or real, is now regarded as a core question for the typology of V2 itself. The present volume is concerned with all kinds of alleged “cracks in the bottleneck”, involving argument stacking, remnant movement, or adverbial resumption. A general introduction by Modicom and Harchaoui discusses the current state of linguistic research on verb-third phenomena in Germanic languages, both in synchrony and diachrony. The introduction is followed by a diachronic panorama of V3 phenomena in the history of High German, by A. Speyer, who shows that behind the apparent stability of V2, the syntactic typology of apparent V3 in German has undergone significant changes over the last centuries. The other contributions to the volume follow this variational and historical thread: E. Klaevik-Pettersen and N. Catasso discuss the validity of the bottleneck hypothesis in present and ancient V2 varieties. E. Louviot, Th. Robin, Chr. Nilsen and B. Bloom focus on verb-third phenomena involving resumptive items in the history of English, High German, Low German and Swedish. In their paper on Old West Germanic verse corpora, Louviot and Robin concentrate on clause-initial tha/tho, investigating which factors determine its capacity to either be followed by the finite verb (V2) or by another constituent before the finite verb (V3). Nilsen is concerned with the semantic evolution of verb-third adverbial resumption involving da and så in Swedish. Bloom focuses on the V3 use of one resumptive, so, in Early New High German during the 16th century, tackling the discourse-organizational factors behind adverbial resumption. Finally, the chapters by L. Riccardelli, R. Madaro, A. Tomaselli and E. Bidese investigate how contact between Germanic and Romance may have interacted with language-internal dynamics in the history of several varieties of Rhaeto-Romance (Riccardelli) and Upper German (Madaro, Tomaselli and Bidese).

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name: Verb-third phenomena in Germanic verb-second languages


uk: Гуманітарні науки

description:
This book is concerned with the licensing and usage of the elliptical construction topic drop in German. The term topic drop refers to the omission of the preverbal constituent in declarative verb-second sentences, for example, the omission of the subject ich (‘I’) in the sentence Bin gleich zurück (‘Am right back’). Topic drop exists in most of the Germanic verb-second languages and typically occurs in spoken language and text types such as SMS, chats, notes, etc.
While much of the previous research has focused on individual specific properties of topic drop, often adopting a purely theoretical perspective, this book presents a systematic investigation of both the syntactic properties and usage conditions of topic drop based on empirical evidence from a corpus study and 12 acceptability rating studies.
The first part of the book investigates the licensing of topic drop, in particular its restriction to the preverbal ‘prefield’ position. The results of four rating studies on topic drop in different prefield configurations lead to a refined prefield condition based on proposals by Rizzi (1994) and Freywald (2020) that is independent of topicality. Moreover, they inform the discussion on the most suitable syntactic analysis of topic drop, supporting a PF-deletion approach.
The second part of the book presents and tests an information-theoretic account of topic drop usage that builds on the Uniform Information Density hypothesis (Levy & Jaeger 2007). In a corpus study and seven rating studies, several potential usage factors are investigated, including grammatical person and verb predictability. The results provide initial evidence suggesting that topic drop usage can be explained by general processing principles: The prefield constituent is omitted when it is redundant and realized overtly when it facilitates the processing of the following verb. This information-theoretic explanation is based on independently evidenced processing mechanisms, bundles isolated claims from the theoretical literature, and allows for a unified analysis of topic drop with other types of ellipsis and reduction.

uk: вхід без авторизації

name: The licensing and usage of topic drop in German


机器翻译知识普及

uk: Гуманітарні науки

description:
语言学习与翻译素为欧盟多语言政策的核心支柱，二者相辅相成。正如意大利作家、符号学家翁贝托·埃科（Umberto Eco）所言：“欧洲的语言就是翻译”。然而，随着机器翻译和生成式人工智能等技术的不断发展和广泛运用，传统的语言学习和翻译模式正面临挑战。如今，语言学习者可以借助免费在线机器翻译工具来帮助理解和生成外语文本。但如果学习者盲目使用这些技术，反而可能弊大于利。尽管机器翻译被视为颠覆翻译行业的革命性技术，但其现有的工作原理犹如“黑匣子”，难以理解。此外，机器翻译还涉及法律和道德等问题，使得职业译者难以融入机器翻译的工作流程。
在这一背景下，本书面向语言学习者、语言教师、翻译学习者、翻译教师以及职业译者等广泛读者群体，旨在推动机器翻译技术在教学与实践中的应用。全书由多位作者共同编撰，首先阐明了学习机器翻译的理论基础，接着介绍了机器学习的基本原理，并深入分析了神经网络机器翻译的相关内容。书中还讨论了机器翻译技术所引发的道德问题，并提出了其在语言学习中的应用建议。此外，作者还探讨了通过译前编辑、译后编辑和定制化机器翻译等方法，帮助用户最大化地发挥机器翻译技术的潜力。

本书是 Machine translation for everyone: Empowering users in the age of artificial intelligence 的翻译

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1, 2, 3 Write!

description: 1, 2, 3 Write! provides step-by-step instruction to build college writing skills. It combines comprehensive grammar and mechanics review with sentence, paragraph and essay writing techniques and practice. Links to example essays from professional and student writers demonstrate the skills studied and provide reading and critical thinking opportunities.

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NSCC

addressCountry: CA

addressLocality: Halifax

addressRegion: Nova Scotia


Basic Motor Control

keywords: Electrical power generation and distribution industries

description: This readily accessible online resource was developed for anyone who has interest in, or works with, AC motors and their associated motor control equipment. Whether you are an electrical apprentice learning about the subject in school or a seasoned journeyperson installing equipment in the field, you will find it easy to navigate through the descriptive text, original diagrams, and explanatory videos to find the exact information you are looking for.

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uk: вхід без авторизації

name: Building Construction and Materials: An Open Educational Resource Textbook


Introduction to Childhood Studies

description: This book supports a speaking-intensive course that introduces students to key concepts in the study of childhood from multidisciplinary perspectives. The book allows students to examine the historical and socio-cultural constructions of “the child” and childhood, exploring topics such as child development, cultural notions of adolescence, children as social agents, children’s rights, and challenges facing children in both local and global contexts. To challenge students to apply the new information, the book outlines a project where students use an interdisciplinary framework to analyze a question about children’s well-being and potential. The course also highlights the relevance of Childhood Studies to areas of professional practice, including teaching, social services, healthcare, law, public policy, and advocacy.

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